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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Systems >Opportunities and challenges for the growth of milk production from pasture: The case of farm systems in Uruguay
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Opportunities and challenges for the growth of milk production from pasture: The case of farm systems in Uruguay

机译：牧场牛奶生产成长的机遇与挑战：乌拉圭农业系统的情况

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Volatility of markets and climate are driving exporting dairy industries to increase milk production from pasture. However, some regions are not able to grow due to economic, social and environmental constraints. The objective of this study was to analyse at the farm system level the opportunities and challenges for the growth of pasture-based dairy production in Uruguay. A national database of 256 dairy farms was used to compare four groups of Uruguayan farms selected according to the total milk production growth rate from 2013 to 2017. Their productivity (milk production per hectare) and profit was compared by fitting mixed models. Complementarily, the International Farm Comparison Network database was used to compare biophysical and economic indicators of typical farm systems of Argentina, Australia, Ireland, Holland, New Zealand, United States and Uruguay from 2013 to 2017. The growing groups of farms (medium and high growth; > 5% per year) showed more productivity due to their higher stocking rate and achieved a higher margin over feed cost and a lower feeding cost per L of milk than the shrinking groups (medium and high decrease; 0% per year). The growing systems showed a higher consumption per hectare of home-grown forage (pasture and conserved forage) and supplements. Margin over feed cost decreased alongside milk price over the time frame analysed, with no significant interaction between group and year. Productivity in New Zealand, Australia, United States and Holland was above 10,000 L/ha whereas in Ireland, Argentina and Uruguay it was below 7000 L/ha. Consumption of home-grown forage per hectare in the former countries more than doubled the latter, which consumed approximately half the potential forage production locally reported. Home-grown forage consumption per hectare was a more likely driver of productivity than bought-in feed or feed conversion efficiency. Uruguay achieved the lowest cost of production however current low stocking rates (0.7 cows/ha for the typical farm system) limit home-grown forage consumption and productivity growth. Inter-annual variation in economic performance was larger than the variation in biophysical performance for all countries. This study showed that pasture-based farming systems in Uruguay could make a leap in milk production without losing competitiveness by doubling their home-grown forage consumption through increased stocking rates. For such growth, some future challenges will remain around managing P accumulation and runoff in intensifying farms as well as improving farm design and infrastructure to attract labour, improve its productivity and assure animal welfare.
机译：市场和气候的波动率正在驾驶出口乳业产业，以增加牧场的牛奶生产。然而，由于经济，社会和环境限制，一些地区无法增长。本研究的目的是分析农场系统水平，乌拉圭牧场乳制品生产成长的机遇和挑战。通过2013年至2017年的牛奶产量增长率的总牛奶产量增长率，使用了四组牛奶县的国家数据库。通过拟合混合模型，他们的生产力（每公顷的牛奶产量）和利润进行了比较。互补的是，国际农场比较网络数据库用于比较阿根廷，澳大利亚，爱尔兰，荷兰，新西兰，美国和乌拉圭的典型农场系统的生物物理学和经济指标从2013年到2017年。越来越多的农场群体（中高增长;每年5％）由于其较高的库存速率而言，由于其较高的储量率和饲料成本较高的牛奶较低的牛奶的较高饲料而不是收缩基团（培养基和高减少;每年＆ 0％ ）。越来越多的系统每公顷的家庭成长牧草（牧场和保守的饲料）和补充剂表现出更高的消耗。在分析的时间范围内饲料价格与饲料成本的保证金减少，在集团和年度之间没有显着互动。在新西兰，澳大利亚，美国和荷兰的生产力超过10,000升/公顷，而在爱尔兰，阿根廷和乌拉圭低于7000 L /公顷。在前国家每公顷的家庭成长牧草的消费量增加了后者，这消耗了大约一半的潜在报道的觅食生产。每公顷的家庭成长牧草消费量更可能是生产力的驾驶员，而不是购买饲料或饲料转换效率。乌拉圭达到了最低的生产成本，但电流低放养率（典型农场系统为0.7奶牛/公顷）限制了家庭成长的牧草消费和生产率增长。经济业绩的年间变异大于所有国家的生物物理表现的变化。这项研究表明，乌拉圭的牧场养殖系统可以通过加倍储存率加倍自制的牧草消费，在不失竞争力的情况下，牛奶的牧场养殖系统可能会产生跃迁。对于此类增长，将在加强农场中的P累积和径流中仍将依然存在一些未来的挑战，以及改善农场设计和基础设施以吸引劳动力，提高其生产力和保证动物福利。

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