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Irrigation rate and timing effects on Arizona cotton yield, water productivity, and fiber quality

机译：灌溉率和定时效应对亚利桑那州棉花产量，水生产率和纤维品质

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Irrigated agriculture in the Arizona low desert faces multiple threats, including drought in the Colorado River basin, depletion of reservoirs supplying water to irrigation districts, competition from growing municipal and industrial sectors, and climate uncertainty. Improving irrigation water productivity is imperative for sustaining agricultural production in the region. The objective of the study was to measure responses of cotton yield, water productivity, and fiber quality to variable irrigation rates and timings for the 2016, 2017, and 2018 cotton growing seasons at Maricopa, Arizona. Four irrigation rates were used, including 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of recommended amounts from a scheduling tool. The four rates were administered differentially during two time periods: (1) squaring to peak bloom and (2) peak bloom to 90% open boll. The experimental design incorporated 16 irrigation treatments in a randomized block design with four replications, and irrigation was applied via an overhead lateral-move sprinkler system with commercial site-specific irrigation equipment. Linear mixed models could estimate cotton fiber yield, seasonal evapotranspiration, fiber micronaire, and fiber strength with root mean squared errors of cross validation (RMSECV) of 11.9%, 1.8%, 6.4%, and 3.6%, respectively. Variation in irrigation water productivity and several fiber quality metrics could be explained by water applied in the second irrigation period but not in the first, suggesting more opportunity in the early season for improving water productivity without sacrificing yield or fiber quality. Irrigation rates in the first period could be reduced up to 70 mm (6% of total water applied to the 100%-100% treatment) without sacrificing yield. During the second irrigation period, full irrigation was required to prevent yield losses and maintain high fiber quality. This study provides valuable guidance on opportunities for using sprinkler irrigation to improve water productivity while maintaining acceptable cotton yield and fiber quality in the Arizona low desert. Further effort is needed to clarify requirements for pre-plant irrigation, incorporate plant feedback data into in-season irrigation scheduling algorithms, and identify metrics to guide irrigation termination decisions.
机译：亚利桑那州低沙漠的灌溉农业面临多种威胁，包括科罗拉多河流域的干旱，耗资水库供水到灌区，从而发展市和工业部门，以及气候不确定性。提高灌溉水生产率对于该地区的农业生产势头是势在必行的。该研究的目的是测量棉花产量，水生产率和纤维质量的反应，以实现2016年，2016年，2018年和2018年棉花种植季节的可变灌溉速度和时间。使用了四种灌溉率，其中包括60％，80％，100％和120％的调度工具的推荐金额。四个速率在两个时间段差异施用：（1）平方盛开和（2）峰绽放到90％的开放式铃声。实验设计在随机块设计中掺入了16个灌溉处理，其中具有四种复制，通过架空横向喷洒器系统施加灌溉，具有商业场所专用的灌溉设备。线性混合模型可以估计棉纤维产量，季节性蒸散，纤维微金属和纤维强度，分别具有11.9％，1.8％，6.4％和3.6％的交叉验证（RMSECV）的根部平均平方误差。灌溉水生产率和几种纤维质量指标的变化可以通过在第二次灌溉周期中应用的水来解释，但在第一个灌溉期间，旨在提高早期的机会，以提高水生产率而不会牺牲产量或纤维质量。第一期的灌溉速率可降低至70毫米（占100％-100％治疗的总水的6％，而不会牺牲产量。在第二次灌溉期间，需要全灌溉以防止产量损失并保持高纤维质量。本研究为利用喷水灭火灌溉的机会提供了有价值的指导，以提高水生产率，同时保持亚利桑那州低沙漠中可接受的棉花产量和纤维品质。需要进一步努力来澄清植物预灌溉的要求，将工厂反馈数据纳入季节灌溉调度算法，并确定指导灌溉终止决策的指标。

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