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Sex and Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Vaccination over the Life Course

机译:生活过程中疫苗接种结果的性和性别差异

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Both sex (i.e., biological differences) and gender (i.e., social or cultural influences) impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Clinical data illustrate that among children, young adults, and aged individuals, males and females differ in vaccine-induced immune responses, adverse events, and protection. Although males are more likely to receive vaccines, following vaccination, females typically develop higher antibody responses and report more adverse effects of vaccination than do males. Human, nonhuman animal, and in vitro studies reveal numerous immunological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that differ between males and females and contribute to sex-and gender-specific vaccine responses and outcomes. Herein, we address the impact of sex and gender variables that should be considered in preclinical and clinical studies of vaccines.
机译:性别(即生物差异)和性别(即,社会或文化影响)影响疫苗接受,反应和结果。 临床资料表明,儿童,年轻人和老年人,男性和女性在疫苗诱导的免疫应答,不良事件和保护中不同。 虽然雄性更容易接受疫苗,但在疫苗接种后,女性通常会产生更高的抗体反应,并且报告比雄性更高的疫苗接种的不良反应。 人类,非人类动物和体外研究揭示了众多免疫,遗传,荷尔蒙和环境因素,不同于男性和雌性之间的不同,并有助于性和性别特异性疫苗反应和结果。 在此,我们解决了在疫苗的临床前和临床研究中应考虑的性别和性别变量的影响。

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