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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of cell and developmental biology >Repertoires of tRNAs: The Couplers of Genomics and Proteomics
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Repertoires of tRNAs: The Couplers of Genomics and Proteomics

机译：Trnas的曲目：基因组学和蛋白质组学的偶联

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摘要

The pool of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules in cells allows the ribosome to decode genetic information. This repertoire of molecular decoders is positioned in the crossroad of the genome, the transcriptome, and the proteome. Omics and systems biology now allow scientists to explore the entire repertoire of tRNAs of many organisms, revealing basic exciting biology. The tRNA gene set of hundreds of species is now characterized, in addition to the tRNA genes of organelles and viruses. Genes encoding tRNAs for certain anticodon types appear in dozens of copies in a genome, while others are universally absent from any genome. Transcriptome measurement of tRNAs is challenging, but in recent years new technologies have allowed researchers to determine the dynamic expression patterns of tRNAs. These advances reveal that availability of ready-to-translate tRNA molecules is highly controlled by several transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory processes. This regulation shapes the proteome according to the cellular state. The tRNA pool profoundly impacts many aspects of cellular and organismal life, including protein expression level, translation accuracy, adequacy of folding, and even mRNA stability. As a result, the shape of the tRNA pool affects organismal health and may participate in causing conditions such as cancer and neurological conditions.
机译：细胞中的转移RNA（TRNA）分子池允许核糖体解码遗传信息。这种分子解码器的曲目位于基因组，转录组和蛋白质组的十字路口中。 OMICS和Systems生物学现在允许科学家探索许多生物的整个曲目，揭示了基本令人兴奋的生物学。除了细胞器和病毒的TRNA基因之外，现在表征了数百种的TRNA基因组。编码某些抗oryon类型的TRNA的基因出现在基因组中的数十个副本中，而其他基因组普遍缺席。 TRNA的转录组测量是具有挑战性的，但近年来，新技术允许研究人员确定TRNA的动态表达式模式。这些进步表明，即用翻译的TRNA分子的可用性受到几种转录和后术治疗过程的高度控制。该调节根据细胞状态来形成蛋白质组。 TRNA池深受细胞和有机生命的许多方面，包括蛋白质表达水平，翻译精度，折叠充足性，甚至mRNA稳定性。结果，TRNA池的形状会影响有机体健康，并且可以参与造成癌症和神经病症的病症。

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