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Simplification of Visual Rendering in Simulated Prosthetic Vision Facilitates Navigation

机译：在模拟假体视觉中的视觉渲染简化有助于导航

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Visual neuroprostheses are still limited and simulated prosthetic vision (SPV) is used to evaluate potential and forthcoming functionality of these implants. SPV has been used to evaluate the minimum requirement on visual neuroprosthetic characteristics to restore various functions such as reading, objects and face recognition, object grasping, etc. Some of these studies focused on obstacle avoidance but only a few investigated orientation or navigation abilities with prosthetic vision. The resolution of current arrays of electrodes is not sufficient to allow navigation tasks without additional processing of the visual input. In this study, we simulated a low resolution array (15 x 18 electrodes, similar to a forthcoming generation of arrays) and evaluated the navigation abilities restored when visual information was processed with various computer vision algorithms to enhance the visual rendering. Three main visual rendering strategies were compared to a control rendering in a wayfinding task within an unknown environment. The control rendering corresponded to a resizing of the original image onto the electrode array size, according to the average brightness of the pixels. In the first rendering strategy, vision distance was limited to 3, 6, or 9 m, respectively. In the second strategy, the rendering was not based on the brightness of the image pixels, but on the distance between the user and the elements in the field of view. In the last rendering strategy, only the edges of the environments were displayed, similar to a wireframe rendering. All the tested renderings, except the 3 m limitation of the viewing distance, improved navigation performance and decreased cognitive load. Interestingly, the distance-based and wireframe renderings also improved the cognitive mapping of the unknown environment. These results show that low resolution implants are usable for wayfinding if specific computer vision algorithms are used to select and display appropriate information regarding the environment.
机译：视觉神经调节剂仍然有限，并且模拟假体视觉（SPV）用于评估这些植入物的潜在和即将到来的功能。 SPV已被用于评估视觉神经调节特性的最低要求，以恢复各种功能，例如读取，物体和面部识别，对象抓获等一些研究专注于避免障碍物，但只有一些调查的取向或具有假体的导航能力想象。电流电流阵列的分辨率不足以允许导航任务而无需额外处理视觉输入。在这项研究中，我们模拟了低分辨率阵列（15×18电极，类似于即将到来的阵列的电极），并且当用各种计算机视觉算法处理视觉信息以增强视觉渲染时，评估恢复的导航能力。将三个主要的视觉渲染策略与未知环境中的WayFinding任务中的控制渲染进行比较。根据像素的平均亮度，控制渲染与原始图像的调整大小相对应在电极阵列尺寸上。在第一渲染策略中，视觉距离分别限于3,6或9米。在第二策略中，渲染不是基于图像像素的亮度，而是对用户之间的距离和视野中的元素之间的距离。在最后的渲染策略中，仅显示环境的边缘，类似于线框渲染。所有测试渲染，除了3米的观看距离的限制，导航性能提高和减少的认知负载。有趣的是，基于距离和线框渲染还改善了未知环境的认知映射。这些结果表明，如果使用特定的计算机视觉算法选择和显示关于环境的适当信息，则低分辨率植入物可用于路径使用。

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