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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Immunology >Metabolite-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors—Facilitators of Diet-Related Immune Regulation
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Metabolite-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors—Facilitators of Diet-Related Immune Regulation

机译：代谢物传感G蛋白偶联受体 - 饮食相关免疫调节剂的促进剂

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摘要

Nutrition and the gut microbiome regulate many systems, including the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. We propose that the host responds to deficiency (or sufficiency) of dietary and bacterial metabolites in a dynamic way, to optimize responses and survival. A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed the metabolite-sensing GPCRs bind to various metabolites and transmit signals that are important for proper immune and metabolic functions. Members of this family include GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A, GPR120, GPR40, GPR84, GPR35, and GPR91. In addition, bile acid receptors such as GPR131 (TGR5) and proton-sensing receptors such as GPR65 show similar features. A consistent feature of this family of GPCRs is that they provide anti-inflammatory signals; many also regulate metabolism and gut homeostasis. These receptors represent one of the main mechanisms whereby the gut microbiome affects vertebrate physiology, and they also provide a link between the immune and metabolic systems. Insufficient signaling through one or more of these metabolite-sensing GPCRs likely contributes to human diseases such as asthma, food allergies, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
机译：营养和肠道微生物组调节许多系统，包括免疫，代谢和神经系统。我们建议宿主以动态的方式响应膳食和细菌代谢物的缺陷（或充足性），以优化应对和生存。一系列G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）称为代谢物感测GPCRs与各种代谢物结合，并透射信号对于适当的免疫和代谢功能很重要。该系列的成员包括GPR43，GPR41，GPR109A，GPR120，GPR40，GPR84，GPR35和GPR91。另外，胆汁酸受体如GPR131（TGR5）和质子传感受体，例如GPR65显示出类似的特征。这个GPCR系列的一致特征是它们提供抗炎信号;许多也调节新陈代谢和肠道稳态​​。这些受体代表了肠道微生物组的主要机制之一，从而影响脊椎动物生理学，并且还提供免疫和代谢系统之间的联系。通过这些代谢物传感GPCR中的一种或多种，​​信号传导不足可能导致人类疾病，例如哮喘，食物过敏，1型和2型糖尿病，肝脏脂肪变性，心血管疾病和炎症性肠病。

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