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Apoptosis and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells

机译:细胞凋亡和凋亡细胞的间隙

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The human body generates 10-100 billion cells every day, and the same number of cells die to maintain homeostasis in our body. Cells infected by bacteria or viruses also die. The cell death that occurs under physiological conditions mainly proceeds by apoptosis, which is a noninflammatory, or silent, process, while pathogen infection induces necroptosis or pyroptosis, which activates the immune system and causes inflammation. Dead cells generated by apoptosis are quickly engulfed by macrophages for degradation. Caspases are a large family of cysteine proteases that act in cascades. A cascade that leads to caspase 3 activation mediates apoptosis and is responsible for killing cells, recruiting macrophages, and presenting an "eat me" signal(s). When apoptotic cells are not efficiently engulfed by macrophages, they undergo secondary necrosis and release intracellular materials that represent a damage-associated molecular pattern, which may lead to a systemic lupus-like autoimmune disease.
机译:人体每天产生10-100亿个细胞,并且相同数量的细胞死于在我们身体中保持稳态。 被细菌或病毒感染的细胞也死了。 在生理条件下发生的细胞死亡主要通过细胞凋亡进行,这是一种非炎症或沉默,过程,而病原体感染诱导死亡或糊化症,其激活免疫系统并导致炎症。 细胞凋亡产生的死细胞被巨噬细胞快速吞噬以进行降解。 Caspases是一种大量的半胱氨酸蛋白酶,其在瀑布中起作用。 导致Caspase 3激活的级联介导细胞凋亡,并负责杀死细胞,募集巨噬细胞,并呈现“吃掉我”信号。 当凋亡细胞未被巨噬细胞有效吞噬时,它们经历二次坏死并释放代表损伤相关分子模式的细胞内材料,这可能导致系统性狼疮的自身免疫疾病。

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