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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Immunology >Evolution of Alternative Adaptive Immune Systems in Vertebrates
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Evolution of Alternative Adaptive Immune Systems in Vertebrates

机译：脊椎动物替代自适应免疫系统的演变

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Adaptive immunity in jawless fishes is based on antigen recognition by three types of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) composed of variable leucine-rich repeats, which are differentially expressed by two T-like lymphocyte lineages and one B-like lymphocyte lineage. The T-like cells express either VLRAs or VLRCs of yet undefined antigen specificity, whereas the VLRB antibodies secreted by B-like cells bind proteinaceous and carbohydrate antigens. The incomplete VLR germline genes are assembled into functional units by a gene conversion-like mechanism that employs flanking variable leucine-rich repeat sequences as templates in association with lineage-specific expression of cytidine deaminases. B-like cells develop in the hematopoietic typhlosole and kidneys, whereas T-like cells develop in the thymoid, a thymus-equivalent region at the gill fold tips. Thus, the dichotomy between T-like and B-like cells and the presence of dedicated lymphopoietic tissues emerge as ancestral vertebrate features, whereas the somatic diversification of structurally distinct antigen receptor genes evolved independently in jawless and jawed vertebrates.
机译：无聊鱼类中的自适应免疫基于由可变亮氨酸富含的重复组成的三种可变淋巴细胞受体（VLR）的抗原识别，其差异地由两种样淋巴细胞谱系和一种类似B样淋巴细胞谱系表达。 T样细胞表达VLRA或VLRC的尚未确定的抗原特异性，而受B样细胞分泌的VLRB抗体结合蛋白质和碳水化合物抗原。不完全的VLR系列基因通过基因转化的机构组装成功能单元，该基因转化机构采用侧翼可变性亮氨酸的重复序列作为与谱系特异性脱胺酶的谱系特异性表达相关的模板。 B样细胞在造血中，在造血中，肾脏肾上腺肿和肾脏发生，而T样细胞在紫曲面中发育，鳃折叠尖端的胸腺量等同区域。因此，T样和B样细胞之间的二分法和B样细胞的存在作为祖先脊椎动物特征出现，而结构性明显抗原受体基因的体细胞多样化独立在Jawless和Jawed脊椎动物中进化。

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