Energy minimization within target-directed aiming: the mediating influence of the number of movements and target size

Roberts James W.

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Energy minimization within target-directed aiming: the mediating influence of the number of movements and target size

机译：目标导向瞄准中的能量最小化：运动次数和目标尺寸的调解影响

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In target-directed aiming, performers tend to more greatly undershoot targets when aiming down compared to up because they try to avoid an overshoot error and subsequently minimize the time and energy expenditure that is required to suddenly combat gravitational forces. The present study aims to further examine this principle of time and energy minimization by directly mediating the perceived cost of potential errors as well as the likelihood of their occurrence by manipulating the number of movements and target size, respectively. Participants executed rapid aiming movements in the up/down direction as part of a one-/two-target movement towards a small/large target. Primary movement endpoints showed greater undershooting when aiming in the downward compared to upward direction and small compared to large targets. Meanwhile, the overall movement time showed that slower movements were generated for down compared to up, but only when aiming toward large targets. The failure to mediate the central tendency as a function of the number of movements and target size indicates that the feature of minimization is highly prominent within the performers' pre-response planning. However, the continued minimization of energy in the presence of large targets may inadvertently cost the movement time.

机译：在目标导向的目标中，表演者在瞄准与UP相比时倾向于更大的突出目标，因为它们试图避免过冲误差并随后最小化突然打击引力力所需的时间和能源消耗。本研究旨在通过直接调解潜在误差的感知成本以及通过操纵运动数和目标尺寸来进一步调解这种时间和能量最小化的这种原则和能量最小化。参与者在上/下方向上执行快速瞄准运动，作为对小/大目标的单个/双目标运动的一部分。当与向上方向向下瞄准并与大目标相比，初级运动终点显示出更大的下冲。同时，整体运动时间显示，与UP相比，为下降而产生较慢的运动，但仅在瞄准大目标时。失败将中央倾向调解作为运动次数和目标大小的函数表明，最小化的特征在表演者的预响应计划中非常突出。然而，在大目标存在下的能量的持续最小化可能是无意中成本的运动时间。

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来源
《Experimental Brain Research》 |2020年第3期|共9页
作者
Roberts James W.;
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作者单位

Liverpool John Moores Univ Res Inst Sport &

Exercise Sci Brain &

Behav Lab Tom Reilly Bldg;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类神经病学;
关键词
Aiming; Spatial variability; Minimization; Central tendency; Undershooting;

机译：瞄准;空间变异性;最小化;中央倾向;缺乏;

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1. Energy minimization within target-directed aiming: the mediating influence of the number of movements and target size [J] . Roberts James W. Experimental Brain Research . 2020,第3期

机译：目标导向瞄准中的能量最小化：运动次数和目标尺寸的调解影响
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Energy minimization within target-directed aiming: the mediating influence of the number of movements and target size

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