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Comparative analysis of swallowtail transcriptomes suggests molecular determinants for speciation and adaptation

机译：SwallowTail转录om的比较分析表明，物种和适应的分子决定因素

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摘要

Genetic determinants of speciation in closely related species are poorly understood. We sequenced and analyzed transcriptomes of swallowtail butterflies Heraclides cresphontes (northeastern species) and Heraclides rumiko (southwestern species), a pair of mostly allopatric sister species whose distribution ranges overlap narrowly in central Texas. We found that the two swallowtails confidently differ (F-ST 0.5 for both species) in about 5% of genes, similarly to the divergence in another pair of swallowtail species Pterourus glaucus (southern species) and Pterourus canadensis (northern species). The same genes tend to diverge in both species pairs, suggesting similar speciation paths in Heraclides and Pterourus. The most significant differences for both species pairs were found in the circadian clock genes that were conserved within each species and diverged strongly between species (P-value 0.01 and F-ST 0.7). This divergence implied that adaptations to different climates and photoperiod at different latitudes or differences in mating behavior, including mating time and copulation duration, may be possible factors in ecological or behavioral-based speciation. Finally, we suggest several nuclear DNA regions that consistently and prominently differ between the sister swallowtail species as nuclear barcodes for swallowtail identification, with the best barcode being an exon from the protein TIMELESS.
机译：密切相关的物种的遗传决定簇明显不良。我们测序并分析了燕尾蝴蝶克里克斯氏菌（东北物种）和Heraclides Rumiko（西南物种）的转录组，其中一对主要是分配范围在德克萨斯州中部狭隘地重叠。我们发现，两种燕尾珠自信相同的基因倾向于两种物种对发散，暗示了Heraclides和pterourus中的类似物质路径。在昼夜节经中发现两个物种对的最显着差异在每种物种内保存并在物种之间强烈发散（p值<0.01和f-st> 0.7）。这种分歧暗示，在不同纬度或相配行为的不同纬度或差异中的适应，包括配合时间和交配持续时间，可能是基于生态或行为的形态的可能因素。最后，我们建议若干核DNA地区，持续和突出差别在姊妹燕尾种作为核条形码进行燕尾识别，最好的条形码是来自蛋白质的外显子。

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