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Confucianism and organ donation: moral duties from xiao (filial piety) to ren (humaneness)

机译：儒学和器官捐赠：萧（孝道）对仁（人性）的道德职责

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摘要

There exists a serious shortage of organs for transplantation in China, more so than in most Western countries. Confucianism has been commonly used as the cultural and ethical reason to explain the reluctance of Chinese and other East-Asian people to donate organs for medical purposes. It is asserted that the Confucian emphasis on xiao (filial piety) requires individuals to ensure body intactness at death. However, based on the original texts of classical Confucianism and other primary materials, we refute this popular view. We base our position on the related Confucian norms of filial piety and ren (humaneness, humanity or benevolence), the tension between differentiated love and universal love, and belief in the goodness of human nature. In light of this, we argue that the Confucian ethical outlook actually calls for organ donation at an individual level, and supports an opt-out (presumed consent) system at the level of social policy. Furthermore, because the popular view is based on a number of dominant but misleading modes of thinking about cultural differences, our revisionist account of Confucian moral duties regarding organ donation has implications for developing a more adequate transcultural and global bioethics. These will be discussed and expanded upon.
机译：在中国移植的器官存在严重短缺，而不是大多数西方国家。儒家派普遍用作解释中国和其他东亚人民捐赠后官的文化和道德理性的文化和道德原因。据称，儒家强调萧（孝道）要求个体确保在死亡时的身体融为一体。但是，根据古典儒学和其他主要材料的原始文本，我们反驳了这一普遍的观点。我们基于相关儒家孝道和仁（人性，人性或仁慈）的相关儒家规范，差异化爱与普遍爱情之间的紧张，以及对人性的善良的信念。鉴于此，我们认为儒家道德前景实际上要求在个人级别进行机构捐赠，并在社会政策水平下支持退出（推定的同意）制度。此外，由于普遍的观点基于许多主导而且误导性思考文化差异的模式，我们对有关机构捐赠的儒家道德职责的修正主义陈述对制定更充足的跨文化和全球生物伦理有影响。这些将被讨论和扩展。

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