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The effect of framing incentives as either losses or gains with contingency management for smoking cessation

机译：为戒烟制定应急管理措施，将激励措施定为损失或收益的效果

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Cumulative prospect theory predicts that losses motivate behavior more than equal gains. Contingency management procedures effectively reduce drug use by placing incentives in direct competition with the drug taking behavior. Therefore, framing incentives as losses, rather than gains should decrease drug use to a greater extent, given equivalent incentives. We examined whether contingent vouchers described as either losses or gains differentially affected smoking abstinence rates. Over 5 consecutive days, participants could either gain $75 per day for verified abstinence or lose $75 per day (initial endowment = $375) for continuing to smoke. As a result, loss-framed participants were more likely to achieve at least one day of abstinence. There was a trend towards loss-framed participants reducing the amount smoked more than gain-framed participants. However, participants in the gain-framed group were more likely to maintain abstinence, once initiated. The results partially support cumulative prospect theory and suggest additional ways to initiate behavior change using incentives, outside of using larger magnitude incentives in contingency management procedures. ? 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
机译：累积前景理论预测，损失对行为的激励作用大于平等收益。应急管理程序通过将激励措施与吸毒行为直接竞争来有效减少毒品使用。因此，在激励措施相同的情况下，将激励措施定为损失而不是收益，应在更大程度上减少毒品的使用。我们检查了描述为或有或有损失的或有代金券是否会不同程度地影响戒烟率。在连续5天中，参与者每天因戒烟而获得75美元或因继续吸烟而每天损失75美元（初始捐赠金额= 375美元）。结果，遭受损失框框的参与者更有可能获得至少一天的禁欲。有一种趋向于亏损框架的参与者减少吸烟的数量多于盈利框架的参与者。但是，增益框架组的参与者一旦开始就更容易保持禁欲。结果部分支持了累积前景理论，并提出了在应急管理程序中使用更大幅度的激励措施之外，通过激励措施来启动行为改变的其他方法。 ？ 2013爱思唯尔有限公司

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