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Effects of oats on gastrointestinal health as assessed by in vitro, animal, and human studies

机译：燕麦对体外，动物和人类研究评估的胃肠健康的影响

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Oats are uniquely nutritious, owing to their composition of bioactive compounds, lipids, and beta-glucan. Scientific research has established that oats can improve diet quality, reduce cholesterol, regulate satiety, and protect against carcinogenesis in the colon; however, determining the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health and the gut microbiome is a newer, evolving area of research. To better understand the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health in humans, a literature review with predefined search criteria was conducted using the PubMed database and keywords for common gastrointestinal health outcomes. Moreover, to examine the gastrointestinal effects of oats across the scientific spectrum, a similar search strategy was executed to identify animal studies. In vitro studies were identified from the reference lists of human and animal studies. A total of 8 human studies, 19 animal studies, and 5 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The evidence in humans shows beneficial effects of oats on gastrointestinal health, with supportive evidence provided by in vitro and animal studies. The effective dose of oats varies by type, although an amount providing 2.5 to 2.9 g of beta-glucan per day was shown to decrease fecal pH and alter fecal bacteria. For oat bran, 40 to 100 g/d was shown to increase fecal bacterial mass and short-chain fatty acids in humans. Differences in study design, methodology, and type of oats tested make valid comparisons difficult. The identification of best practices for the design of oat studies should be a priority in future research, as the findings will be useful for determining how oats influence specific indices of gastrointestinal health, including the composition of the human gut microbiome.
机译：由于它们的生物活性化合物，脂质和β-葡聚糖组成，燕麦是独特的滋补。科学研究已经确定，燕麦可以提高饮食质量，减少胆固醇，调节饱腹感，并在结肠中保护癌症;然而，确定燕麦对胃肠健康和肠道微生物组的影响是一种新的，不断发展的研究领域。为了更好地了解燕麦对人类胃肠道健康的影响，使用PubMed数据库和常见胃肠健康结果进行了预定搜索标准的文献综述。此外，为了检查燕麦跨科学频谱的胃肠效应，执行了类似的搜索策略以识别动物研究。从人和动物研究的参考文献列表中鉴定了体外研究。共有8人类研究，19例动物研究和5种体外研究符合本综述的纳入标准。人类的证据表明，燕麦对胃肠健康的有益作用，通过体外和动物研究提供的支持证据。燕麦的有效剂量因类型而变化，但是显示每天提供2.5至2.9gβ-葡聚糖的量，以降低粪便pH并改变粪便细菌。对于燕麦麸，显示40至100克/天，以增加人类的粪便细菌质量和短链脂肪酸。测试的研究设计，方法和燕麦类型的差异使得有效的比较困难。在未来的研究中，鉴定OAT研究的最佳实践应该是优先考虑的优先考虑，因为该研究结果将用于确定燕麦的特定指标，包括人体肠道微生物组成的特定索引。

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