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首页> 外文期刊>Seismological research letters >Seasonality in Site Response: An Example from Two Historical Earthquakes in Kazakhstan
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Seasonality in Site Response: An Example from Two Historical Earthquakes in Kazakhstan

机译：现场的季节性反应：来自哈萨克斯坦的两个历史地震的一个例子

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摘要

During the past 150 yr, the city of Almaty (formerly Verny) in Kazakhstan has suffered significant damage due to several large earthquakes. The 9 June 1887 M-w 7.3 Verny earthquake occurred at a time when the city mainly consisted of adobe buildings with a population of 30,000, with it being nearly totally destroyed with 300 deaths. The 3 January 1911 M-w 7.8 Kemin earthquake caused 390 deaths, with 44 in Verny itself. Remarkably, this earthquake, which occurred around 40 km from Verny, caused significant soil deformation and ground failure in the city. A crucial step toward preparing for future events, mitigating against earthquake risk, and defining optimal engineering designs, involves undertaking site response studies. With regard to this, we investigate the possibility that the extreme ground failure observed after the 1911 Kemin earthquake could have been enhanced by the presence of a shallow frozen ground layer that may have inhibited the drainage of pore pressure excess through the surface, therefore inducing liquefaction at depth. We make use of information collected regarding the soil conditions around the city at the time of the earthquakes, the results from seismic noise analysis, borehole data, and surface temperature data. From these datasets, we estimated the necessary parameters for evaluating the dynamic properties of the soil in this area. We successively characterize the corresponding sediment layers at the sites of the observed liquefaction. Although the estimated soil parameters are not optimally constrained, the dynamic analysis, carried out using selected strong-motion recordings that are expected to be compatible with the two considered events, indicated that the extensive ground failure that occurred during the Kemin event could be due to the presence of a superficial frozen soil layer. Our results indicate that for this region, possible seasonal effects should, therefore, be considered when undertaking site effect studies.
机译：在过去的150年里，哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图市（前身春天）由于几个大地震而遭受重大伤害。 2008年6月9日M-W 7.3 Querny地震发生在城市主要由拥有30,000人口的Adobe建筑组成的时候，它几乎完全摧毁了300人死亡。 1911年1月3日M-W 7.8 Kemin地震造成了390人死亡，难以置信的44人。显着的是，这种地震发生在距离春天约40公里，在城市造成了显着的土壤变形和地面失效。准备未来事件，减轻地震风险和定义最佳工程设计的关键步骤涉及进行现场响应研究。关于此，我们调查在1911年kemin地震之后观察到的极端地震发生的可能性可以通过浅冷冻的地层在可能抑制孔隙压力过量通过表面的引流，因此诱导液化深度。我们在地震时使用关于城市周围的土壤条件的信息，地震噪声分析，钻孔数据和表面温度数据的结果。从这些数据集中，我们估计了评估该领域土壤动态性质的必要参数。我们连续地表征了观察到的液化位点的相应沉积物层。虽然估计的土壤参数未得到最佳限制，但使用预期与两种考虑的事件兼容的所选强运动记录进行的动态分析表明，在凯明事件中发生的广泛地发生故障可能是由于存在浅表冰冻的土壤层。我们的结果表明，对于该地区，应在进行现场效应研究时考虑可能的季节性效果。

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