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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology Research >Five years following first detection of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Djibouti, Horn of Africa: populations establishedmalaria emerging
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Five years following first detection of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Djibouti, Horn of Africa: populations establishedmalaria emerging

机译：在第一次检测敌人的斯蒂芬（Diptera：Culicidae）在Djibouti中的第一次检测，非洲角：人口成立了新兴

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摘要

The Asian malaria mosquito, Anopheles stephensi, is a well-known and important vector of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Until 2013, its geographical distribution was confined to central and southern Asia including the Arabian Peninsula. In the Horn of Africa (HoA) Region, An. stephensi was first recorded from Djibouti in 2012, when it was linked geographically and temporally with an unusual outbreak of urban P. falciparum malaria. In 2016, An. stephensi was detected in the neighbouring Somali Region of Ethiopia. In order to determine whether An. stephensi populations have become established in Djibouti and contributed to the unusual rise in local malaria cases there, we carried out continuous vector surveillance from January 2013 to December 2017, investigated seasonal changes in An. stephensi population densities and bionomics, analysed available literature describing malaria in Djibouti since 2013, and investigated whether An. stephensi may have contributed to local malaria transmission by detecting circumsporozoite antigen of P. falciparum and P. vivax in female anophelines. From 2013 to 2016, seasonal activity of An. stephensi in urban Djibouti City primarily occurred during the colder, wetter season between September and May, with either no or rare trap catches from June to August. Unlike past years, this species was detected year-round, including the extremely hot summer months of June to August 2017. This change in seasonal occurrence may indicate that An. stephensi populations are adapting to their new environment in sub-Saharan Africa, facilitating their spread within Djibouti City. Among the 96 female An. stephensi investigated for malaria infectivity, three (3.1%) were positive for P. falciparum circumsporozoite antigen, including one P. falciparum/P. vivax VK 210 double infection. Subsequent to the unusual resurgence of local malaria in 2013, with 1684 confirmed cased reported for that year, malaria case numbers increased continuously, peaking at 14,810 in 2017. Prior to 2016, only P. falciparum malaria cases had been reported, but in 2016, autochthonously acquired P. vivax malaria cases occurred for the first time at a rate of 16.7% among all malaria cases recorded that year. This number increased to 36.7% in 2017. Our data indicate that the dynamics of malaria species in Djibouti is currently changing rapidly, and that An. stephensi can be involved in the transmission of both P. falciparum and P. vivax, simultaneously. Considering the extremely high potential impact of urban malaria on public health, the timely deployment of optimal multinational vector surveillance and control programs against An. stephensi is strongly recommended, not only for the HoA Region, but for the entire African continent.
机译：亚洲疟疾蚊子anopheles Stephensi是疟原虫和P.Vivax的众所周知和重要的载体。直到2013年，其地理分布仅限于包括阿拉伯半岛在内的中央和南亚。在非洲的角（Hoa）地区，一个。斯蒂芬西于2012年首次从吉布提记录，当时它在地理上和时间暂时涉及一个不寻常的城市P.Malciparum疟疾。 2016年，一个。斯蒂芬西被发现在邻近的埃塞俄比亚索马里地区。为了确定是否。 Stephensi人口已成为吉布提的成立，促进了当地疟疾病例的不寻常上升，我们从2013年1月到2017年1月开展了连续的矢量监测，调查了一个季节性变化。 Stephensi人口密度和生物研究，分析了从2013年以来描述吉布提疟疾的可用文献，并调查了吗？斯蒂芬西可能通过检测雌性anophelines的p. falciparum和p.vivax的普通孢子抗原来促进局部疟疾传播。从2013年到2016年，季节性活动。斯蒂芬西在城市吉布提市主要发生在寒冷，潮湿的季节在9月和5月之间，从6月到8月没有或罕见的陷阱。与过去几年不同，该物种全年检测到，其中包括6月至2017年8月的极其炎热的夏季。季节性发生的这种变化可能表明是一个。 Stephensi人口正在撒哈拉以南非洲调整新环境，促进了他们在吉布提市的蔓延。在96名女性中。 STEPHENSI调查用于疟疾感染性，三（3.1％）对于P. falciparum环孢子抗原阳性，包括一个p. falciparum / p。 Vivax VK 210双重感染。 2013年当地疟疾的不寻常复苏之后，有1684年确认的外壳报告了该年，疟疾案例数不断增加，2017年达到14,810.在2016年之前，仅报告了P.Malciparum疟疾案件，但2016年，疟疾疟疾案件的第一次疟疾疟疾案件的第一次发生，每年均为16.7％的速度。 2017年该号码增加到36.7％。我们的数据表明，吉布提疟疾物种的动态目前正在迅速变化，而且。斯蒂芬西可以同时参与P. falciparum和P.Vivax的传播。考虑到城市疟疾对公共卫生的极高潜在影响，及时部署最佳跨国公司监视和控制计划。强烈建议，不仅适用于HOA地区，而且为整个非洲大陆而受到强烈建议。

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