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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture and Human Values >Food justice or food sovereignty? Understanding the rise of urban food movements in the USA
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Food justice or food sovereignty? Understanding the rise of urban food movements in the USA

机译：粮食正义还是粮食主权？了解美国城市食品运动的兴起

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As world food and fuel prices threaten expanding urban populations, there is greater need for the urban poor to have access and claims over how and where food is produced and distributed. This is especially the case in marginalized urban settings where high proportions of the population are food insecure. The global movement for food sovereignty has been one attempt to reclaim rights and participation in the food system and challenge corporate food regimes. However, given its origins from the peasant farmers' movement, La Via Campesina, food sovereignty is often considered a rural issue when increasingly its demands for fair food systems are urban in nature. Through interviews with scholars, urban food activists, non-governmental and grassroots organizations in Oakland and New Orleans in the United States of America, we examine the extent to which food sovereignty has become embedded as a concept, strategy and practice. We consider food sovereignty alongside other dominant US social movements such as food justice, and find that while many organizations do not use the language of food sovereignty explicitly, the motives behind urban food activism are similar across movements as local actors draw on elements of each in practice. Overall, however, because of the different histories, geographic contexts, and relations to state and capital, food justice and food sovereignty differ as strategies and approaches. We conclude that the US urban food sovereignty movement is limited by neoliberal structural contexts that dampen its approach and radical framework. Similarly, we see restrictions on urban food justice movements that are also operating within a broader framework of market neoliberalism. However, we find that food justice was reported as an approach more aligned with the socio-historical context in both cities, due to its origins in broader class and race struggles.
机译：随着世界粮食和燃料价格威胁到城市人口的增长，对城市穷人的生产和分配方式和地点的获取和要求有了更大的需求。在边缘化的城市环境中尤其如此，那里人口的大部分没有粮食保障。全球争取食品主权运动是恢复权利和参与食品系统并挑战公司食品制度的一种尝试。但是，鉴于其起源于农民运动“ La Via Campesina”，当人们对公平食品体系的需求日益在城市中日益增长时，通常将其视为农村问题。通过对美利坚合众国奥克兰和新奥尔良的学者，城市食品活动家，非政府组织和基层组织的采访，我们研究了食品主权在多大程度上已成为一种概念，战略和实践。我们将食品主权与其他主要的美国社会运动（例如食品正义）一起考虑，并且发现尽管许多组织没有明确使用食品主权的语言，但由于当地参与者在每个运动中都采用了城市食品活动主义的动机，因此各个食品运动背后的动机是相似的。实践。总体而言，由于历史，地理背景以及与国家和首都的关系不同，粮食正义和粮食主权在战略和方法上也有所不同。我们得出的结论是，美国城市粮食主权运动受到新自由主义结构性背景的限制，这些运动削弱了其方法和激进框架。同样，我们看到对城市食品正义运动的限制也在市场新自由主义的更广泛框架内运作。但是，我们发现，由于粮食正义起源于更广泛的阶级斗争和种族斗争，因此被报道为与这两个城市的社会历史背景更为一致的一种方法。

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