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首页> 外文期刊>Polymers for advanced technologies >Bubbles and collapses: Fire phenomena of flame-retarded flexible polyurethane foams
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Bubbles and collapses: Fire phenomena of flame-retarded flexible polyurethane foams

机译：泡沫和坍塌：火焰延迟柔性聚氨酯泡沫的消防现象

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Flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) are easy to ignite and exhibit rapid flame spread. In this paper, the fire phenomena of two standard foam formulations containing tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (FR-2) and a halogen-freepoly (ethyl ethylene phosphate) (PNX), respectively, as flame retardants are compared. A multi-methodological approach is proposed which combines standard fire tests as well as new investigatory approaches. The thermophysical properties of the foams were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), reaction to small flames was studied by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94 HBF test, and the burning behavior was investigated with the cone calorimeter. Further, temperature development in burning cone calorimeter samples was monitored using thermocouples, and rheological measurements were performed on pyrolyzed material, delivering insight into the dripping behavior of the foams. This paper gives comprehensive insight into the fire phenomena of flame-retarded FPUFs that are driven by the two-step decomposition behavior of the foams. LOI and UL 94 HBF tests showed a reduced flammability and reduced tendency to drip for the flame-retarded foams. TG and cone calorimeter measurements revealed that the two-step decomposition behavior causes two stages during combustion, namely structural collapse and pool fire. The flame-retardant mode of action was identified to take place primarily during the foam collapse and be based mainly on flame inhibition. However, some condensed-phase action was been measured, leading to significantly increased melt viscosity and improved dripping behavior for foams containing PNX.
机译：柔性聚氨酯泡沫（FPUF）易于点燃并表现出快速的火焰涂抹。本文，含有Tris（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸（FR-2）和卤素 - 自由（乙烯乙烯磷酸乙酯）（PNX）分别为阻燃剂的消防现象作为阻燃剂比较。提出了一种多种方法方法，其结合了标准的火灾测试以及新的调查方法。通过热重分析（Tg）测定泡沫的热物理性质，通过限制氧指数（LOI）和UL 94 HBF试验研究对小火焰的反应，并用锥形量热计研究燃烧行为。此外，使用热电偶监测燃烧锥形量热仪样品中的温度显影，并对热解材料进行流变测量，从而熟悉泡沫的滴水行为。本文对由泡沫的两步分解行为驱动的火焰迟钝的FPUF的消防现象进行了全面的洞察。 LOI和UL 94 HBF试验显示降低的可燃性和降低滴落泡沫的滴落趋势。 Tg和锥形量热计测量结果显示，两步分解行为导致燃烧过程中的两个阶段，即结构崩溃和池火。鉴定阻燃作用模式主要在泡沫塌陷期间发生并主要基于火焰抑制。然而，测量了一些冷凝相作用，导致熔体粘度显着增加，并改善含有PNX的泡沫的滴水行为。

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