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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in Artificial Intelligence >Exploring Novel Molecular Targets for the Treatment of High-Grade Astrocytomas Using Peptide Therapeutics: An Overview
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Exploring Novel Molecular Targets for the Treatment of High-Grade Astrocytomas Using Peptide Therapeutics: An Overview

机译：使用肽治疗方法探索用于治疗高级星形细胞瘤的新分子靶标：概述

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摘要

Diffuse astrocytomas are the most aggressive and lethal glial tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Their high cellular heterogeneity and the presence of specific barriers, i.e., blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor barrier, make these cancers poorly responsive to all kinds of currently available therapies. Standard therapeutic approaches developed to prevent astrocytoma progression, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, do not improve the average survival of patients. However, the recent identification of key genetic alterations and molecular signatures specific for astrocytomas has allowed the advent of novel targeted therapies, potentially more efficient and characterized by fewer side effects. Among others, peptides have emerged as promising therapeutic agents, due to their numerous advantages when compared to standard chemotherapeutics. They can be employed as (i) pharmacologically active agents, which promote the reduction of tumor growth; or (ii) carriers, either to facilitate the translocation of drugs through brain, tumor, and cellular barriers, or to target tumor-specific receptors. Since several pathways are normally altered in malignant gliomas, better outcomes may result from combining multi-target strategies rather than targeting a single effector. In the last years, several preclinical studies with different types of peptides moved in this direction, providing promising results in murine models of disease and opening new perspectives for peptide applications in the treatment of high-grade brain tumors.
机译：弥漫性星形细胞瘤是中枢神经系统（CNS）中最具侵略性和致命的胶质肿瘤。它们的高细胞异质性和特定屏障的存在，即血脑屏障（BBB）和肿瘤屏障，使这些癌症对各种目前可用的疗法令人不敏感。制定的标准治疗方法以防止星形细胞瘤进展，如化疗和放射治疗，不会改善患者的平均存活。然而，最近对星形胶质瘤特异的关键遗传改变和分子鉴定的识别允许出现新型靶向疗法，潜在更有效，并且表征较少的副作用。其中，由于与标准化学治疗剂相比，肽已成为有前途的治疗剂。它们可以用作（i）药理学活性剂，这促进了肿瘤生长的降低;或（ii）载体，以促进药物通过脑，肿瘤和细胞屏障的易位，或靶向肿瘤特异性受体。由于几种途径通常在恶性胶质瘤中改变，因此可能是组合多目标策略而不是靶向单个效应器的更好的结果。在过去的几年中，几种具有不同类型肽的临床前研究朝着这种方向移动，提供了疾病的小鼠模型的有希望的结果，并在治疗高级脑肿瘤的肽应用中开放新的视角。

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