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首页> 外文期刊>Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice and policy >A Novel Examination of Exposure Patterns and Posttraumatic Stress After a University Mass Murder
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A Novel Examination of Exposure Patterns and Posttraumatic Stress After a University Mass Murder

机译：大学群众谋杀后的暴露模式和创伤后压力的新型检查

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Objective: Occurring at an alarming rate in the United States, mass violence has been linked to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in both direct victims and community members who are indirectly exposed. Identifying what distinct exposure patterns exist and their relation to later PTSS has important clinical implications. The present study determined classes of exposure to an event of mass violence, and if PTSS differed across classes. Method: First- and second-year college students (N = 1,189) participated in a confidential online survey following a mass murder at their university, which assessed event exposure and PTSS 3 months later. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to empirically determine distinct classes of exposure patterns and links between class membership and PTSS. Results: The final model yielded 4 classes: minimal exposure (55.5% of sample), auditory exposure (29.4% of sample), visual exposure (10% of sample), and interpersonal exposure (5% of sample). More severe direct exposure (i.e., the visual exposure class) was associated with significantly higher levels of PTSS than the auditory exposure or minimal exposure classes, as was the interpersonal exposure class. There were no significant differences in PTSS between the auditory exposure and minimal exposure classes or the visual exposure and interpersonal exposure classes. Conclusion: Results point to the differential impact of exposure categories, and provide empirical evidence for distinguishing among auditory, visual, and interpersonal exposures to events of mass violence on college campuses. Clinical implications suggest that visual and interpersonal exposure may warrant targeted efforts following mass violence.
机译：目的：以令人担忧的速度发生在美国，大规模暴力与间接暴露的直接受害者和社区成员中的暴力症状（PTS）有关。确定存在明显的曝光模式以及其与后期PTS的关系具有重要的临床意义。本研究确定了暴露于大规模暴力事件的课程，如果PTS在课程中不同。方法：第一和第二年大学生（N = 1,189）在其大学屠杀后参加了一项机密在线调查，3个月后评估了事件暴露和PTS。潜在课程分析（LCA）用于经验确定阶级成员和PTS之间的不同曝光模式和链接。结果：最终模型产生4级：最小暴露（样品的55.5％），听觉暴露（样品的29.4％），视觉暴露（样品的10％）和人际关系（5％的样品）。更严重的直接暴露（即，视觉曝光等级）与观音暴露或最小暴露类的PTS显着更高，是人际关系的净类别。听觉暴露和最小曝光类别或视觉暴露和人际关系曝光等级之间没有显着差异。结论：结果指出了暴露类别的差异影响，并提供了对大学校园大规模暴力事件区分视听，视觉和人际关系的实证证据。临床意义表明，视觉和人际关系风险可能在大规模暴力之后担保努力。

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