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Translational tests involving non-reward: methodological considerations

机译：涉及非奖励的翻译测试：方法考虑

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摘要

This review is concerned with methods for assessing the processing of unrewarded responses in experimental animals and the mechanisms underlying performance of these tasks. A number of clinical populations, including Parkinson's disease, depression, compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia demonstrate either abnormal processing or learning from non-rewarded responses in laboratory-based reinforcement learning tasks. These effects are hypothesized to result from disturbances in modulatory neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine and serotonin. Parallel work in experimental animals has revealed consistent behavioral patterns associated with non-reward and, consistent with the human literature, modulatory roles for specific neurotransmitters. Classical tests involving an important reward omission component include appetitive extinction, ratio schedules of responding, reversal learning, and delay and probability discounting procedures. In addition, innovative behavioral tests have recently been developed leverage probabilistic feedback to specifically assay accommodation of, and learning from, non-rewarded responses. These procedures will be described and reviewed with discussion of the behavioral and neural determinants of performance. A final section focusses specifically on the benefits of trial-by-trial analysis of responding during such tasks, and the implications of such analyses for the translation of findings to clinical studies.
机译：本综述涉及评估实验动物中未润牌反应的方法以及这些任务的潜在性能的机制。许多临床群体，包括帕金森病，抑郁，强迫性疾病和精神分裂症展示了基于实验室的强化学习任务中的非奖励反应的异常处理或学习。这些效果被假设是由调节性神经递质系统中的干扰引起的，包括多巴胺和血清素。实验动物的平行工作揭示了与非奖励相关的一致行为模式，与人文文献，特异性神经递质的调节作用一致。涉及重要奖励遗漏组件的经典测试包括响应，逆转学习和延迟和概率贴现程序的令人满意的灭绝，比率计划。此外，最近开发了创新的行为测试，利用概率反馈来专门测定，从非奖励反应中学习和学习。将通过讨论表现的行为和神经决定因素来描述和审查这些程序。最终部分专注于在此类任务期间对响应的试验分析的益处，以及这种分析对临床研究的翻译的影响。

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