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The Development and Validation of the Microaggressions Against Non-Religious Individuals Scale (MANRIS)

机译：非宗教个人规模微不足道的发展与验证（Manris）

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摘要

The growing non-religious minority remains among the most distrusted groups in America. We examined how non-religious individuals experience microaggressions-subtle prejudicial verbal and behavioral acts. U.S. participants who self-identified as being non-religious (N = 1,485) were recruited to develop and validate a Microaggressions Against Non-religious Individuals Scale (MANRIS). Items from MANRIS were created using prior literature, expert feedback, and psychometric assessment. An exploratory factor analysis (n = 765) yielded a 31-item, five-factor model: Assumption of Inferiority, Denial of Non-religious Prejudice, Assumption of Religiosity, Endorsing Non-religious Stereotypes, and Pathology of a Non-religious Identity. A confirmatory factor analysis (n = 720) supported a bifactor five-factor model. Both studies produced high levels of internal consistency, cumulative variance, and fit. We found experiences of non-religious microaggressions to uniquely predict depressive symptoms, even after controlling for potential confounds including overt non-religious discrimination. Atheists reported experiencing the highest incidences of non-religious microaggressions and discrimination compared to other non-religious groups. We discuss the applications of the scale in light of the broader discussions and criticism about microaggressions.
机译：不断增长的非宗教少数群体仍然是美国最具不信任的团体之一。我们审查了非宗教个人如何体验微不足道 - 微妙的偏见口头和行为行为。自我确定为非宗教（n = 1,485）的参与者被招募开发和验证针对非宗教个人规模的微见（Manris）。来自Manris的物品是使用先前文献，专家反馈和心理评估的。探索性因子分析（n = 765）产生了31项，五因素模型：假设自卑，否认非宗教偏见，宗教的假设，承认非宗教刻板印象，以及非宗教身份的病理。确认因子分析（n = 720）支持双移位器五因子模型。这两项研究都产生了高水平的内部一致性，累积方差和适合。我们发现了非宗教微观信息的经验，即使在控制包括公开非宗教歧视的潜在混淆之后，即使在控制潜在的混淆之后，也要预测抑郁症状。与其他非宗教团体相比，无神论者报道了经历了非宗教微不足道和歧视的最高发病率。我们鉴于更广泛的讨论和对微观攻击的批评来讨论规模的应用。

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