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Increasing the Implementation of Alternatives to Laboratory Animal Use

机译：增加对实验动物使用替代品的实施

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摘要

The scientific and logistical limitations incurred by the use of animal models of humans within bio-medical research and toxicity testing are substantial, and increasingly recognized; as is social concern about, and consequent regulatory restriction of, laboratory animal use. In defiance of these factors, such use remains enormous. Based on best estimates, 11,154,961 living non-human vertebrates were subjected to fundamental or medically-applied biomedical research, toxicity testing, or educational use, within Japan, in 2004; which was second only to the US. Additionally, the use of genetically-modified animals, and the implementation of large-scale chemical testing programs, are increasing laboratory animal use internationally. These trends demonstrate the need for considerably greater awareness of, and compliance with, the principles of the 3Rs--namely, the replacement, reduction and refinement of laboratory animal use--within governmental, academic and commercial sectors. These principles are widely recognized as essential to good laboratory animal practice. They may increase research quality and the robustness of outcomes, result in reduced timeframes and resource consumption, and jointly benefit consumers, industry and laboratory animals. Anoverview of 3Rs principles, and of strategies likely to increase their implementation, is therefore provided. Combinations of such strategies may have synergistic effects, improving both scientific outcomes and animal welfare.
机译：在生物医学研究和毒性试验中使用人类动物模型所引起的科学和后勤限制是巨大的，并日益得到人们的认识;以及社会对实验动物使用的关注以及随之而来的监管限制。克服这些因素，这种使用仍然是巨大的。根据最佳估计，2004年，在日本，有11,154,961例活着的非人类脊椎动物接受了基础或医学应用的生物医学研究，毒性测试或教育用途。仅次于美国另外，转基因动物的使用以及大规模化学测试计划的实施，在国际上正在增加实验室动物的使用。这些趋势表明，需要在政府，学术和商业部门中对3R的原则（即，替代，减少和完善实验室动物的使用）有更多的认识和遵守。这些原则被公认为对良好的实验动物实践至关重要。它们可以提高研究质量和结果的可靠性，从而减少时间框架和资源消耗，并共同使消费者，工业和实验动物受益。因此，对3R原则以及可能增加其实施的策略进行了概述。这些策略的组合可能产生协同作用，从而改善科学成果和动物福利。

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