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首页> 外文期刊>Belgian Journal of Zoology >Effects of foraging mode and group pattern on vigilance behavior in water birds: a case study of mallard and black-winged stilt
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Effects of foraging mode and group pattern on vigilance behavior in water birds: a case study of mallard and black-winged stilt

机译：觅食方式和群体模式对水禽警惕行为的影响：以绿头鸭和黑翅高跷为例

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摘要

Vigilance behavior is affected by many factors including foraging mode and group pattern which we attempted to understand through a case study of mallard Anas platyrhynchos and black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus in the Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve,China.Mallard, a swimming bird,forages in irregular and loose circular groups in open water and its foraging mode (with its head underwater looking for food) does not allow for simultaneous monitoring of potential threats above the water surface,which is why its foraging is called "blind period of foraging".In contrast,black-winged stilt is a wading bird and forages along riversides in long linear foraging groups.Its long beak,neck and legs enable it to scan around while foraging without any obviously blind period.We used the focal sampling method and measured vigilance behavior by the time spent vigilant,vigilance frequency,average duration of vigilance,alert distance and flee distance for the two species.We predicted higher levels of vigilance and longer alert and flee distance in mallard with long blind periods of foraging.Our results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in vigilance behavior between the two species.The effects of group size and gender on vigilance were also checked but showed no significant differences.Higher-level vigilance in mallard was mainly due to its foraging mode with long 'blind periods' and circular foraging group pattern.We suggested that buffer zones be established in ecotourism regions in order to protect birds from human interference.
机译：警惕行为受许多因素的影响，包括我们通过对衡水湖国家级自然保护区的野鸭Anas platyrhynchos和黑翅高跷Himantopus himantopus的案例研究来了解的觅食方式和群体模式。在开阔水域的不规则和松散的圆形群中，其觅食模式（其头在水下寻找食物）无法同时监视水面以上的潜在威胁，因此，其觅食被称为“盲食期”。相比之下，黑翅高跷是一种涉水鸟，在长的线性觅食类中沿河边觅食。它的长喙，脖子和腿使其可以在觅食时四处扫描，而没有任何明显的盲期。我们使用了焦点采样方法并进行了警惕两种动物的警戒时间，警戒频率，警戒平均持续时间，警戒距离和逃跑距离的相关行为。野鸭有较高的警惕性和较高的警觉性和逃避距离，并有较长的盲觅食期。我们的结果表明，这两种物种之间的警惕性行为存在显着差异（p <0.05）。还检查了群体大小和性别对警惕性的影响，但表明野鸭较高的警惕性主要是由于其“长盲期”的觅食模式和循环觅食的群体模式。我们建议在生态旅游区建立缓冲区，以保护鸟类免受人类干扰。

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