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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of botany >Constitutive and herbivore-induced structural defenses are compromised by inbreeding in Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae). (Special Section: Ecological interactions and the evolution of plant mating systems.)
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Constitutive and herbivore-induced structural defenses are compromised by inbreeding in Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae). (Special Section: Ecological interactions and the evolution of plant mating systems.)

机译：茄科茄科植物（茄科）的近交会损害本构和草食动物引起的结构防御。 （特别部分：生态相互作用和植物交配系统的演变。）

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摘要

Premise of the study: A growing number of studies document effects of inbreeding on plant interactions with insect herbivores, including deleterious effects on direct and indirect plant defenses. However, our understanding of the specific mechanisms mediating such effects remains limited. Here we examine how inbreeding affects constitutive and induced expression of structural defenses (spines and trichomes) in common horsenettle, Solanum carolinense. Methods: Inbred and outbred progeny from nine maternal families of horsenettle were assigned to three treatments: control, Manduca sexta caterpillar damage, or mechanical damage. Numbers of internode spines and the density of abaxial and adaxial trichomes were assessed before and after (21 d) damage treatments. Data on internode length, flowering time, and total flower production was also collected to explore the costs of defense induction. Key results: Inbreeding adversely affected constitutive and induced physical/structural defenses: undamaged outbred plants produced more abaxial and adaxial leaf trichomes and internode spines than did inbred plants. Foliar damage by M. sexta larvae also induced more trichomes (on new leaves) and internode spines on outbred plants. Both inbred and outbred plants exposed to mechanical or caterpillar damage had shorter internodes than did control plants, but inbred damaged plants had longer internodes than did outbred damaged plants. Control outbred plants produced significantly more flowers than did control inbred plants or damaged plants of either breeding type. Conclusions: Constitutive and induced structural defenses in horsenettle were negatively affected by inbreeding. Reduced flower production and internode length on damaged plants compared to controls suggests that defense induction entails significant costs.
机译：研究的前提：越来越多的研究记录了近交对植物与昆虫食草动物相互作用的影响，包括对直接和间接植物防御的有害影响。但是，我们对介导这种作用的具体机制的理解仍然有限。在这里，我们研究了近亲繁殖如何影响普通马刺（Solanum carolinense）的结构防御（脊柱和毛状体）的组成型和诱导型表达。方法：将来自九个马蹄类动物母系的近交和近交后代进行三种处理：对照，六倍体毛虫幼虫或机械性损伤。在损伤治疗之前和之后（21 d）评估节间棘的数量以及背突和近突毛的密度。还收集了节间长度，开花时间和总花产量的数据，以探讨防御诱导的成本。关键结果：近交对本构和诱导的物理/结构防御产生不利影响：未交配的近交植物比自交植物产生更多的背面和背面叶片毛状体和节间棘。六倍体幼虫对叶的损害还诱导了近交植株上更多的毛状体（在新叶上）和节间棘。受机械或毛毛虫损害的近交和近交植物的节间都比对照植物短，但近交受损的植物节间比远交的受损植物长。对照近交植物比对照近交植物或两种育种类型的受损植物产生的花明显多。结论：近亲繁殖对马刺的本构和诱导结构防御有负面影响。与对照相比，受损植物上的花减少和节间长度的减少表明防御诱导需要大量的成本。

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