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Achieving successful delivery of oligonucleotides - From physico-chemical characterization to in vivo evaluation

机译:实现寡核苷酸的成功递送-从物理化学表征到体内评估

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摘要

RNA interference is one of the most promising fields in modern medicine to treat several diseases, ranging from cancer to cardiac diseases, passing through viral infections and metabolic pathologies. Since the discovery of the potential therapeutic properties of non-self oligonucleotides, it was clear that it is important to develop delivery systems that are able to increase plasma stability and bestow membrane-crossing abilities to the oligonucleotides in order to reach their cytoplasmic targets. Polymer therapeutics, among other systems, are widely investigated as delivery systems for therapeutic agents, such as oligonucleotides. Physico-chemical characterization of the supramolecular polyplexes obtained upon charge interaction or covalent conjugation between the polymeric carrier and the oligonucleotides is critical. Appropriate characterization is fundamental in order to predict and understand the in vivo silencing efficacy and to avoid undesired side effects and toxicity profile. Shedding light on the physico-chemical and in vitro requirements of a polyplex leads to an efficient in vivo delivery system for RNAi therapeutics. In this review, we will present the most common techniques for characterization of obtained polymer/oligonucleotide polyplexes and an up-to-date state of the art in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. This is the first review to deal with the difficulties in appropriate characterization of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) polyplexes and conjugates which limit the clinical translation of this promising technology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译:RNA干扰是现代医学中最有前途的领域之一,可通过病毒感染和代谢病理来治疗多种疾病,从癌症到心脏病。由于发现了非自身寡核苷酸的潜在治疗特性,很明显,开发能够提高血浆稳定性并赋予寡核苷酸以跨膜能力以达到其胞质靶标的递送系统非常重要。除其他系统外,高分子治疗剂已广泛用作治疗剂(如寡核苷酸)的递送系统。通过聚合物载体和寡核苷酸之间的电荷相互作用或共价结合获得的超分子多链体的物理化学特征至关重要。为了预测和了解体内沉默效果并避免不良副作用和毒性,适当的表征至关重要。多聚体的理化和体外要求不多见,从而为RNAi治疗提供了有效的体内递送系统。在这篇综述中,我们将介绍表征所获得的聚合物/寡核苷酸多链体的最常用技术,以及体内临床前和临床研究的最新状态。这是第一个针对适当鉴定小干扰RNA(siRNA)或microRNA(miRNA)多聚体和结合物的困难的综述,这限制了这一有前途的技术的临床翻译。 (C)2015 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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