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首页> 外文期刊>American Zoologist >Nitric oxide as an orthograde cotransmitter at central synapses of Aplysia: Responses of isolated neurons in culture
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Nitric oxide as an orthograde cotransmitter at central synapses of Aplysia: Responses of isolated neurons in culture

机译：一氧化氮作为海central中央突触的正统共递质：培养物中离体神经元的反应

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摘要

Nitric oxide serves as an orthograde synaptic cotransmitter between identified neurons in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. Nitric oxide synthase. the enzyme that produces nitric oxide, is localized in a few specific neurons in the ganglia, including neuron C2. Guanylyl cyclase the target enzyme of nitric oxide, is found in neurons C4 and MCC, which are synaptic followers of C2. Stimulation of C2 causes a vsEPSP in these neurons that is reduced to 50% of its amplitude by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and guanylyl cyclase inhibitors. The remaining portion of the vsEPSP is mediated by histamine. Thus, nitric oxide and histamine act as orthograde cotransmitters in producing the vsEPSP. Both cotransmitters cause closure of a background potassium channel, which depolarizes the neuron and enhances its response to synaptic inputs. Exogenous nitric oxide (released by nitric oxide donor molecules) and histamine mimic the vsEPSP's depolarization and decreased membrane conductance. When neurons C4 or MCC are isolated in cell culture they respond just as they do in the ganglion, i.e., the nitric oxide response but not the histamine response is blocked by guanylyl cyclase inhibitors, and the membrane conductance is decreased by both histamine and nitric oxide. Aplysia hemolymph partially suppresses the response to nitric oxide. due to nitric oxide scavenging by hemocyanin, which contains copper and is the equivalent of hemoglobin. Neuron C2 followers that are hyperpolarized by histamine are insensitive to nitric oxide. Thus, only, select follower neurons respond to both transmitters.
机译：一氧化氮充当海床的神经节中已识别的神经元之间的正统突触共递质。一氧化氮合酶。产生一氧化氮的酶位于神经节的一些特定神经元中，包括神经元C2。鸟嘌呤基环化酶是一氧化氮的目标酶，存在于神经元C4和MCC中，它们是C2的突触跟随者。刺激C2会在这些神经元中产生vsEPSP，一氧化氮合酶抑制剂和鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂可将vsEPSP降低至振幅的50％。 vsEPSP的其余部分由组胺介导。因此，一氧化氮和组胺在产生vsEPSP中充当正级共递质。两种共递质均导致背景钾离子通道关闭，从而使神经元去极化并增强其对突触输入的反应。外源一氧化氮（由一氧化氮供体分子释放）和组胺模拟vsEPSP的去极化和降低的膜电导。当在细胞培养物中分离神经元C4或MCC时，它们的反应就像在神经节中一样，即一氧化氮反应但组胺反应没有被鸟苷酰环化酶抑制剂阻断，并且膜电导被组胺和一氧化氮降低。海葵血淋巴部分抑制对一氧化氮的反应。由于血红蛋白清除了一氧化氮，血红蛋白含有铜，相当于血红蛋白。被组胺超极化的神经元C2追随者对一氧化氮不敏感。因此，仅选择的跟随者神经元对两个发送器都做出响应。

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