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首页> 外文期刊>American Zoologist >Prey transport mechanisms in blindsnakes and the evolution of unilateral feeding systems in snakes
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Prey transport mechanisms in blindsnakes and the evolution of unilateral feeding systems in snakes

机译：蛇类中的猎物运输机制和蛇类单侧饲养系统的演变

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SYNOPSIS. Most snakes ingest and transport their prey via a jaw ratcheting mechanism in which the left and right upper jaw arches are advanced over the prey in an alternating, unilateral fashion. This unilateral jaw ratcheting mechanism differs greatly from the hyolingual and inertial transport mechanisms used by lizards, both of which are characterized by bilaterally synchronous jaw movements. Given the well-corroborated phylogenetic hypothesis that snakes are derived from lizards, this suggests that major changes occurred in both the morphology and motor control of the feeding apparatus during the early evolution of snakes. However, most previous studies of the evolution of unilateral feeding mechanisms in snakes have focused almost exclusively on the morphology of the jaw apparatus because there have been very few direct observations of feeding behavior in basal snakes. In this paper I describe the prey transport mechanisms used by representatives of two families of basal snakes, Leptotyphlopidae and Typhlopidae. In Leptotyphlopidae, a mandibular raking mechanism is used, in which bilaterally synchronous flexions of the lower jaw serve to ratchet prey into and through the mouth. In Typhlopidae, a maxillary raking mechanism is used,, in which asynchronous ratcheting movements of the highly mobile upper jaws are used to drag prey through the oral cavity. These findings suggest that the unilateral feeding mechanisms that characterize the majority of living snakes were not present primitively in Serpentes, but arose subsequently to the basal divergence between Scolecophidia and Alethinophidia.
机译：概要。大多数蛇通过颚棘轮机制摄取和运输猎物，在该机制中，左上颚弓和右上颚弓以交替，单边的方式越过猎物前进。这种单侧颚棘齿棘轮机构与蜥蜴使用的透明和惯性运输机构有很大不同，这两种机制均以双向同步颚运动为特征。鉴于已经充分证实了系统发育假说，即蛇是从蜥蜴衍生而来的，这表明在蛇的早期进化过程中，进食装置的形态和运动控制都发生了重大变化。但是，大多数先前关于蛇单侧进食机制演变的研究几乎都只集中在颌骨器具的形态上，因为很少有直接观察到基蛇进食行为的信息。在本文中，我描述了两种基础蛇的代表，即鳞翅目科和鼓膜科所使用的猎物运输机制。在钩端螺旋体科中，使用了下颌前倾机构，其中下颌的双向同步弯曲用于使猎物棘手进入并通过嘴。在伤寒科中，使用了上颌耙制机制，其中，高度活动的上颚的异步棘轮运动用于将猎物拖入口腔。这些发现表明，在蛇形体中并没有最初表现出大多数活蛇特征的单边进食机制，而是随后在鞘翅目和拟南芥之间出现了基础分歧。

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