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Hox and ParaHox genes in flatworms: Characterization and expression

机译:扁虫中的Hox和ParaHox基因:表征和表达

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Flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are favourite organisms In Developmental Biology and Zoology because of their extraordinary powers of regeneration and because they may hold a pivotal place in the origin and evolution or the Bilateria. Hox genes play key roles in both processes: setting up the new anteroposterior pattern in the former, and as qualitative markers of phylogenetic affinities among bilaterian phyla in the latter. We have searched for Hox and ParaHox genes in several flatworm groups spanning from freshwater triclads to marine polyclads and, more recently, in the acoels, the likely earliest extant bilaterian. We have isolated and sequenced eight Hox genes from the freshwater triclad Girardia tigrina and three Hox and two ParaHox genes from the polyclad Discocelis tigrina. Data from the acoels Paratomella rubra and Convoluta roscoffensis is also reported. Flatworm Hox sequences and 18S rDNA sequence data support clear affinities of Platyhelminthes to spiralian lophotrochozoans. The basal position of acoel flatworms supported from recent 18S rDNA data, remains still uncertain. Expression of Hox genes in intact and regenerating adult organisms show nested patterns with graded anterior expression boundaries, or ubiquitous expression. New approaches to study the function of Hox genes in flatworms, such as RNA interference are briefly discussed.
机译:扁虫(鸭嘴兽)在发育生物学和动物学中是最受欢迎的生物,因为它们具有非凡的再生能力,并且它们可能在起源和进化或双子目中占有举足轻重的地位。 Hox基因在这两个过程中都起着关键作用:在前者中建立新的前后模式,在后者中作为双边生物系统亲缘关系的定性标记。我们已经在几个扁虫组中搜索了Hox和ParaHox基因,这些蠕虫组从淡水三叠纪到海洋多枝,以及最近在acoels中,可能是现存的最早的双边生物。我们已经从淡水三头the Girardia tigrina中分离出8个Hox基因并对其进行了测序,并从聚类聚对Disc Discocelis tigrina中分离了3个Hox和2个ParaHox基因。还报道了来自红皮伞虫和卷叶螺的Acoels的数据。扁虫的Hox序列和18S rDNA序列数据支持侧柏对螺旋线虫的滋养体有明确的亲和力。最近的18S rDNA数据支持的a虫扁虫的基础位置仍然不确定。 Hox基因在完整和再生的成年生物中的表达显示出嵌套模式,具有渐变的前表达边界或无处不在的表达。简要讨论了研究扁虫中Hox基因功能的新方法,例如RNA干扰。

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