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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Genetic resources of jackfruit and rambutan
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Genetic resources of jackfruit and rambutan

机译：菠萝蜜和红毛丹的遗传资源

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The domesticated jackfruit tree, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., is an important fruit of South and South-East Asia. Jackfruit is a tetraploid, and the somatic chromosome number (2n) is 56 (2n=4x=56); hence, the basic chromosome number is 14. AlthoughA. heterophyllus is an outcrossing species; it freely crosses with Artocarpus Integer (chempedakj. The trees are cross-pollinated and are mostly propagated by seed. They exhibit a wide range of variations in tree size, fruit shape, size, weight, spine density, and rind and bulb colour and fruit quality. There have been limited collections of jackfruit germplasm for evaluation and selection in India, Indonesia, Nepal, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Bangladesh and, thus, limited information is available on performance of accessions. Rambutan [Nephelium lappaceum L.; syn. Euphoria nephelium DC, Dimocarpus crinite Lour.), a close relative of lychee, belongs to the family Sapindaceae. The rambutan has been widely cultivated throughout South-East Asia, including Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and Vietnam. It is also grown in India and Sri Lanka. Being a cross-pollinating species, it presents a lot of variability in seedling progeny. Although numerous cultivars of rambutan exist in Thailand, only a few have been selected for commercial plantation. These include 'Rong Rian' and 'Si Chomphu', making up about 98% of the rambutan production in Thailand. Other cultivars include 'Shi Thong' and 'ThongMueang Trat'. There are 22 rambutan cultivars in Indonesia. The most favoured and cultivated cultivars are 'Rapiah', 'Lebak Bulus', 'Binjai' and 'Garuda'. Since the introduction of rambutan to China in the 1960s, a large seedling population has been created, from which some seedling trees with good economic traits and adaptive to local environments have been identified. Nine clones ('BR-1', BR-2', 'BR-3', 'BR-4', 'BR-5', BR-6', 'BR-7', BR-8' and BR-9) have been developed, and 'BR-4' and 'BR-7' are widely cultivated. Several rambutan clones have been selected in Malaysia (*R3'( *R134', *R156', 'R160', R161' and *R162'J, of which Rl 62' is suitable for both table and canning purposes. In Sri Lanka, the most popular cultivar amongst both cultivators and consumers is 'Malwana Special'. This local cultivar derives its name from the area where rambutan was first cultivated after its introduction to the island by Dutch traders in the 17th century. Rambutan is a small crop in India; no named cultivars are available.
机译：驯养的菠萝蜜树，Artocarpus heterophyllus lam。，是南亚和东南亚的重要果实。菠萝蜜是四倍词，体细胞染色体数（2N）为56（2N = 4x = 56）;因此，基本染色体数是14.虽然。 Heterophyllus是一种突出的物种;它与Artocarpus Integer（Chempedakj）自由交叉质量。在印度，印度尼西亚，尼泊尔，马来西亚，泰国，菲律宾，斯里兰卡，越南和孟加拉国的评估和选择是有限的，因此有限，因此有限的信息可用于履行换乘。红毛丹[Nephelium Lappaceum L.; SYN。EUphoria Nephelium DC，Dimocarpus Crinite Lour。），Lychee的亲近，属于Sapindaceae的家族。红毛丹在东南亚广泛种植，包括马来西亚，印度尼西亚，菲律宾，泰国，缅甸（缅甸）和越南。它也在印度种植和斯里兰卡。作为一种交叉粉粉化物种，它在幼苗后代呈现了许多可变性。虽然泰国存在许多品种的红毛丹，但仅供商业种植园选择了少数几个。这些包括“荣莲”和“Si Chomphu”，占泰国红武丹生产的98％。其他品种包括“史丁字”和“丁胺沟屁股”。印度尼西亚有22种红毛丹品种。最受欢迎和栽培的品种是'rapiah'，'lebak bulus'，'binjai'和'garuda'。自从20世纪60年代引入中国对中国的引入以来，已经确定了一个大型幼苗人口，从中发现了一些具有良好经济性状和适应当地环境的幼苗树木。九个克隆（'BR-1'，BR-2'，'BR-3'，'BR-4'，'BR-5'，BR-6'，'BR-7'，BR-8'和BR- 9）已开发，“BR-4”和“BR-7”被广泛栽培。在马来西亚（* r3'（* r134'，* r134'，'r156'，'r160'，R161'和* R162'J中，其中RL 62'是适用于表和罐头的目的的几个红毛丹克隆。在斯里兰卡，培耕机和消费者中最受欢迎的品种是'Malwana特别'。这本地品种来自荷兰丹在17世纪荷兰贸易商在荷兰贸易商介绍岛屿后首次培育的地区的名字。红毛丹是一个小型作物印度;没有任何命名品种。

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