The EDGE-CUTTING TOOL

Roger Marshall

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The EDGE-CUTTING TOOL

机译：切边工具

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When I first learned how to use sharp-edged tools in shop classes at an English Grammar school (seems like it was somewhere around the time that Noah built the ark), we learned how to sharpen those same tools. Since that time I have always sharpened chisels, planes, and other fine tools in the English style with a grinding bevel and a cutting bevel. (I use a grinding wheel to put the first bevel on the chisel and an oil stone to cut the final edge at a slightly sharper bevel.) Getting the final bevel can be difficult because it is hard to hold the tool at precisely the right angle. Most people when moving a tool on a stone or using a file tend to rock it slightly, thus rounding the edge a small amount. By holding my arms almost rigid and rocking my upper body back and forth, I can be sure that the final bevel is at a constant angle. Over the years, I've got the technique down to where a few quick swipes and a chisel is razor sharp again. At the finish of each sharpening session, each tool is turned over, laid flat on the stone, and the slight burr raised by sharpening the edge is wiped away. To test the sharpness of an edge, I hold it over a piece of paper and gently pull the blade across the paper. If it cuts the paper using its own weight, the blade is sharp enough.

机译：当我第一次学习如何在英语语法学校的商店课堂中使用锋利的工具时（好像是挪亚建造方舟的那段时间），我们学习了如何锐化那些相同的工具。从那时起，我一直使用磨削斜角和切割斜角来锐化英式凿子，刨子和其他精细工具。（我用砂轮将第一个斜角放在凿子上，然后用油石在稍锐的斜角上切割出最终边缘。）由于很难将工具精确地保持在正确的角度，因此很难获得最终的斜角。。大多数人在石头上移动工具或使用锉刀时，往往会使其略微晃动，从而使边缘变圆。通过握住我的手臂几乎僵硬并来回摆动我的上身，我可以确保最终的斜角保持恒定角度。多年以来，我已经掌握了该技术，可以快速滑动几下，而凿子又变得非常锋利。在每次锐化阶段结束时，将每个工具翻转过来，平放在石头上，然后将由于锐化边缘而产生的轻微毛刺擦掉。为了测试边缘的清晰度，我将其握在一张纸上，然后轻轻地将刀片拉过纸。如果用自己的重量剪纸，则刀片足够锋利。

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《Boatbuilder: The Journal of Boat Design and Construction》 |2007年第4期|共2页
作者
Roger Marshall;
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1. The EDGE-CUTTING TOOL [J] . Roger Marshall Boatbuilder: The Journal of Boat Design and Construction . 2007,第4期

机译：切边工具
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机译：通过范德华异质结的边缘切割转移和印刷确定性地组装柔性Si / Ge纳米带
3. Tool Wear and Tool Life of PCBN, binderless cBN and wBN-cBN Tools in Continuous Finish Hard Turning of Cold Work Tool Steel [J] . V. M. Bushlya, O. A. Gutnichenko, J. M. Zhou, Journal of superhard materials: Sverkhtverdye materialy . 2014,第1期

机译：冷作工具钢连续精加工中PCBN，无粘结剂cBN和wBN-cBN工具的工具磨损和工具寿命
4. Design and implementation of a automatic carpet edge-cutting system [C] . Qiang Zhang, Huifu Luo, Wei Zhu, IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation . 2016

机译：地毯自动切边系统的设计与实现
5. The effects of college students' educational level and gender on their use of the Internet as: (a) an instructional tool, (b) a research tool, (c) a communication tool, and (d) an entertainment tool. [D] . Al-Motrif, Abdulrahman F. 2000

机译：大学生的教育水平和性别对他们使用Internet的影响是：（a）教学工具，（b）研究工具，（c）交流工具，（d）娱乐工具。
6. JIB.tools 2.0 – A Bioinformatics Registry for Journal Published Tools with Interoperability to bio.tools [O] . Marcel Friedrichs, Alban Shoshi, Piotr Jaroslaw Chmura, 2019

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7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

The EDGE-CUTTING TOOL

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