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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Journal of Soil Research >Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment
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Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment

机译：生物炭的特性和评估，以用作土壤改良剂

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Biochar properties can be significantly influenced by feedstock source and pyrolysis conditions; this warrants detailed characterisation of biochars for their application to improve soil fertility and sequester carbon. We characterised 11 biochars, made from 5 feedstocks [Eucalyptus saligna wood (at 400pC and 550pC both with and without steam activation); E. saligna leaves (at 400pC and 550pC with activation); papermill sludge (at 550pC with activation); poultry litter and cow manure (each at 400pC without activation and at 550pC with activation)] using standard or modified soil chemical procedures. Biochar pH values varied from near neutral to highly alkaline. In general, wood biochars had higher total C, lower ash content, lower total N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Al, Na, and Cu contents, and lower potential cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations than the manure-based biochars, and the leaf biochars were generally in-between. Papermill sludge biochar had the highest total and exchangeable Ca, CaCO equivalence, total Cu, and potential CEC, and the lowest total and exchangeable K. Water-soluble salts were higher in the manure-based biochars, followed by leaf, papermill sludge, and wood biochars. Total As, Cd, Pb, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the biochars were either very low or below detection limits. In general, increase in pyrolysis temperature increased the ash content, pH, and surface basicity and decreased surface acidity. The activation treatment had a little effect on most of the biochar properties. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of whewellite in E. saligna biochars produced at 400pC, and the whewellite was converted to calcite in biochars formed at 550pC. Papermill sludge biochar contained the largest amount of calcite. Water-soluble salts and calcite interfered with surface charge measurements and should be removed before the surface charge measurements of biochar. The biochars used in the study ranged from C-rich to nutrient-rich to lime-rich soil amendment, and these properties could be optimised through feedstock formulation and pyrolysis temperature for tailored soil application.
机译：原料来源和热解条件会严重影响生物炭的性能;这需要对生物炭进行详细的表征，以用于改善土壤肥力和固碳。我们对11种生物炭进行了表征，这些炭由5种原料[桉木（在有和没有蒸汽活化条件下分别为400pC和550pC）制成]; E. saligna叶片（在激活状态下分别为400pC和550pC）;造纸厂的污泥（在550pC下活化）;家禽垫料和牛粪肥（分别在未经激活的400pC和在有激活的550pC的条件下）]。生物炭的pH值从接近中性到高度碱性不等。通常，木质生物炭具有较高的总碳，较低的灰分含量，较低的总N，P，K，S，Ca，Mg，Al，Na和Cu含量，并且潜在的阳离子交换容量（CEC）和可交换阳离子较低。基于粪便的生物炭和叶片生物炭通常介于两者之间。造纸厂污泥的生物炭具有最高的总和可交换的Ca，CaCO当量，总Cu和潜在的CEC，最低的总量和可交换的K。基于粪便的生物炭中的水溶性盐分较高，其次是叶片，造纸厂的污泥和木生物炭。生物炭中的总砷，镉，铅和多环芳烃含量非常低或低于检测极限。通常，提高热解温度会增加灰分，pH和表面碱度，并降低表面酸度。活化处理对大多数生物炭特性影响不大。 X射线衍射分析表明，在400pC产生的s。s。saligna生物炭中存在辉绿石，而在550pC形成的生物炭中，辉绿岩转化为方解石。造纸厂的污泥生物炭中含有最多的方解石。水溶性盐和方解石会干扰表面电荷的测量，应在测量生物炭的表面电荷之前将其除去。研究中使用的生物炭的范围从富碳，富营养，到富石灰的土壤改良剂，这些特性可以通过针对特定土壤应用的原料配方和热解温度进行优化。

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