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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Applications >Burning for biodiversity or burning biodiversity? Prescribed burn vs. wildfire impacts on plants, lizards, and mammals
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Burning for biodiversity or burning biodiversity? Prescribed burn vs. wildfire impacts on plants, lizards, and mammals

机译：为生物多样性而燃烧还是为生物多样性而燃烧？规定的燃烧与野火对植物，蜥蜴和哺乳动物的影响

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Fire is a large-scale phenomenon that affects ecosystems in many parts of the world. Wildfires can have highly destructive effects on habitats and the biota they support, and land managers frequently use prescribed burning to reduce the extent of wildfires and to benefit biodiversity. Underpinned by the predictions of the intermediate disturbance (IDH) and patch mosaic burn (PMBH) hypotheses, small-scale prescribed fires are thought to maximize biodiversity by creating heterogeneous mixes of early-, mid-, and late-successional habitats across the landscape. However, evidence supporting the positive effects of prescribed burning for biodiversity is mixed. We conducted a before-af er control-impact study assessing the effect of prescribed burns and a wildfire on the alpha and beta diversity of plants, mammals, and lizards in hummock grassland in arid central Australia. Diversity was assessed for up to one year after each fire. Applying the IDH and PMBH we predicted that (1) smallscale, patchy, prescribed burns, by increasing habitat heterogeneity, would increase the alpha diversity and decrease the beta diversity of our study taxa in burned patches and (2) wildfire, by creating large, homogeneous burned patches, would reduce the alpha diversity of the study taxa in burned patches but promote beta diversity at the landscape level due to the differing assemblages expected to inhabit the burned and unburned areas. In accordance with our predictions, we found that fires of differing spatial scale and heterogeneity affected alpha and beta diversity in different ways, but also that the effects were taxon dependent. In contrast to our predictions, we found a surprisingly high level of congruence between alpha and beta diversity within taxa. Our results provide little support for the application of the intermediate disturbance and patch mosaic burn hypotheses and highlight instead the importance of stochastic events such as rainfall in influencing biodiversity over the immediate postfire period in arid environments. We suggest that prescribed fire is of little utility for the broadscale conservation of biodiversity due to taxon-dependent and unpredictable species responses, but that it may be useful in creating fire breaks that serve to protect the habitats of fire-sensitive species from the effects of broadscale wildfire
机译：火是影响世界许多地区生态系统的大规模现象。野火可能会对栖息地及其所支持的生物群造成极大破坏，土地管理人员经常使用规定的燃烧方法来减少野火的程度并惠及生物多样性。在中间干扰（IDH）和斑块镶嵌烧伤（PMBH）假设的预测的基础上，小规模规定的火灾被认为可以通过在景观中创建早期，中期和后期成功生境的异质混合来最大程度地提高生物多样性。但是，支持规定燃烧对生物多样性的积极影响的证据好坏参半。我们进行了一项事前控制影响研究，评估规定的烧伤和野火对澳大利亚中部干旱地区山岗草原上的植物，哺乳动物和蜥蜴的α和β多样性的影响。每次大火后长达一年的多样性评估。应用IDH和PMBH，我们预测（1）通过增加栖息地异质性而进行的小规模，斑块状的规定性烧伤，将增加我们研究的类群在燃烧斑块中的α多样性并降低β多样性;以及（2）通过造成大面积的野火，均质的燃烧斑块将减少燃烧斑块中研究类群的α多样性，但由于预期居住在燃烧和未燃烧区域的组合不同，因此会在景观水平上促进β多样性。根据我们的预测，我们发现不同规模和异质性的火灾以不同的方式影响着alpha和beta的多样性，而且影响是与分类群有关的。与我们的预测相反，我们发现分类单元中的alpha和beta多样性之间的一致性高得惊人。我们的结果几乎没有为中间扰动和斑块镶嵌烧伤假说的应用提供支持，而是强调了随机事件（例如降雨）在干旱后不久的火灾后影响生物多样性的重要性。我们建议，由于分类群依赖性和不可预测的物种反应，规定的火灾对于广泛保护生物多样性没有多大用处，但它可能有助于创建防火带，以保护对火敏感的物种的生境免受森林火灾的影响。大规模野火

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