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Overview of the structural basis for transcription regulation by nuclear hormone receptors

机译：核激素受体转录调控的结构基础概述

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The mechanism of action of the nuclear hormone receptors(NHRs)as gene-regulatory molecules has become a major focus of current biological interest.NHRs belong to the superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors,which are involved in the regulation of homoeostasis,reproduction,development and differentiation.To fully understand their functions,it is important to know the functional three-dimensional structure of these proteins.Molecular cloning and structure-function analyses have revealed that NHRs commonly have three functional regions:the N-terminal,DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains.Structures of some of these domains expressed independently have been solved.However,to date the three-dimensional structure remains unknown for full-length and even for any two domains together of any NHR family member.The available structures nevertheless begin to give clues of how site-specific DNA binding takes place,and how ligand binding alters the ligand-binding domain,consequently affecting potential interactions of the NHRs with coactivators/co-repressors and other components of basal transcriptional machinery.However,precisely how signals from a ligand through its NHR are passed to specific genes is still unknown.Herein,we present a broad overview of current knowledge on the structure and functions of the NHRs.
机译：核激素受体（NHRs）作为基因调控分子的作用机理已成为当前生物学关注的焦点。NHRs是配体激活的转录因子的超家族，参与同源性，繁殖，发育和分化。要充分了解它们的功能，重要的是要了解这些蛋白质的功能三维结构。分子克隆和结构功能分析表明，NHRs通常具有三个功能区域：N末端，DNA结合已经解决了其中一些独立表达的结构域的结构。然而，迄今为止，对于任何NHR家族成员的全长甚至两个域，三维结构仍然是未知的。开始提供有关位点特异性DNA结合如何发生以及配体结合如何改变配体结合域的线索，因此影响NHRs与共激活因子/共阻抑物和基础转录机制其他成分的潜在相互作用。然而，仍然不清楚如何精确地将配体通过其NHR传递给特定基因的信号。在此，我们对当前知识进行广泛概述NHR的结构和功能。

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