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Age, but not Sex or Genetic Relatedness, Shapes Raccoon Dominance Patterns

机译：年龄而不是性别或遗传相关性塑造浣熊的优势模式

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Raccoons are generally regarded as solitary, yet several studies have found that raccoons frequently form social affiliations. One benefit to sociality in many mammal species is that relatives and close associates can form coalitions against third parties during agonistic encounters. We tested whether raccoon dominance patterns were influenced by age, sex, genetic relatedness, and association patterns at two anthropogenic feeding stations in an urban forest. We found that genetic relatedness had no significant effect on patterns of agonism at one of the feeding stations. At the second feeding station, raccoons were more likely to act aggressively toward close relatives, which is opposite of the predicted pattern. However, when we controlled for the number of times raccoons arrived at feeding stations in close proximity, the effect of relatedness on dominance patterns was not significant at either feeding station. These results suggest that relatedness plays little or no role in shaping dominance patterns of raccoons. Older raccoons were ranked significantly higher in the dominance hierarchies regardless of sex. This pattern leads us to conclude that age is the primary factor driving the outcome of aggressive interactions in raccoons at our study site. Despite frequent social interactions at the study site, the patterns of raccoon dominance more closely resemble patterns found in solitary animals. To confirm the generality of these results and to better understand the evolution of raccoon social behavior, similar studies need to be undertaken in other raccoon populations.
机译：浣熊通常被认为是孤独的，但是一些研究发现浣熊经常形成社会联系。在许多哺乳动物物种中，社交的好处之一是亲戚和近亲可以在激烈的遭遇中结成联盟反对第三方。我们测试了城市森林中两个人为饲养站的浣熊优势模式是否受到年龄，性别，遗传相关性和关联模式的影响。我们发现遗传相关性对其中一个饲喂站的激动模式没有显着影响。在第二个饲养站，浣熊更有可能对近亲采取攻击性行动，这与预测的模式相反。然而，当我们控制浣熊到达饲养站的次数时，相关性对优势模式的影响在两个饲养站都不显着。这些结果表明，在塑造浣熊的主导模式中，关联性几乎没有作用。不论性别，老年浣熊在优势等级中的排名都明显更高。这种模式使我们得出结论，年龄是驱动研究地点浣熊积极互动结果的主要因素。尽管在研究地点经常进行社交互动，但浣熊的统治模式与孤独动物中的模式更为相似。为了确认这些结果的普遍性并更好地理解浣熊社会行为的演变，需要在其他浣熊种群中进行类似的研究。

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