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Individual Heterogeneity in Use of Human Shields by Mountain Nyala

机译：尼亚拉山在使用人类盾牌时的个体异质性

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The human shield hypothesis' describes the situation where prey species use humans as shield from natural predation. We tested the human shield hypothesis in a population of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) subjected to predation from the nocturnal spotted hyena (Crocuta Crocuta) in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia by radio-marking 15 mountain nyala (seven females and eight males) and tracking them for up to 2yr. Occurrence of hyena estimated by faecal transects decreased close to human settlements substantiating the occurrence of a zone with lower risk of hyena predation. The diurnal pattern in the average distance between mountain nyala relocations and human settlements was consistent with the human shield hypothesis with significantly shorter distances during night (when exposed to predation) than during day. However, mountain nyala showed large individual heterogeneity in use of human shields. While nearly all individuals occasionally moved out of the park to human settlements during night, the frequency of such excursions varied from 0% to 71%. The excursions occurred year-round and were not driven by seasonal access to crops. We have previously demonstrated a strong negative effect of humans on the large-scale distribution pattern of mountain nyala. The use of human shield documented here is indicative of a positive small-scale effect of humans. Our study thus supports the view that the effect of human-wildlife interactions can be scale-dependent
机译：“人类盾构假说”描述了被捕食物种利用人类作为天然天敌的屏障的情况。我们通过无线电标记15个山林羚羊（七个雌性和八个雄性），对在埃塞俄比亚贝尔山国家公园的夜间斑点鬣狗（Crocuta Crocuta）捕食的林地羚羚羊（Tragelaphus buxtoni）种群进行了人类盾构假设的测试。并跟踪他们长达2年的时间。通过粪便样条估计的鬣狗发生率在接近人类住区的地方减少，这证实了发生鬣狗捕食风险较低的区域的发生。山林羚羊迁徙与人类住区之间平均距离的昼夜模式与人类盾构假说相符，其中夜间（被捕食时）的距离明显短于白天。但是，山林羚在使用人类盾牌时表现出很大的个体异质性。虽然几乎所有个人在夜间偶尔都会离开公园搬到人类住区，但这种游览的频率从0％到71％不等。这次旅行是全年进行的，并不是由季节性获取农作物驱动的。先前我们已经证明了人类对山羚羊的大规模分布格局具有强烈的负面影响。此处记录的人类防护罩的使用表明了人类的积极小规模影响。因此，我们的研究支持以下观点：人与野生动物相互作用的影响可能与规模有关

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