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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Turning Shy on a Winter's Day: Effects of Season on Personality and
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Turning Shy on a Winter's Day: Effects of Season on Personality and

机译：避开冬日：季节对人格和人格的影响

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Animal personalities are by definition stable over time, but to what extent they may change during development and in adulthood to adjust to environmental change is unclear. Animals of temperate environments have evolved physiological and behavioural adaptations to cope with the cyclic seasonal changes. This may also result in changes in personality: suites of behavioural and physiological traits that vary consistently among individuals. Winter, typically the adverse season challenging survival, may require individuals to have shy/cautious personality, whereas during summer, energetically favourable to reproduction, individuals may benefit from a bold/risk-taking personality. To test the effects of seasonal changes in early life and in adulthood on behaviours (activity, exploration and anxiety), body mass and stress response, we manipulated the photoperiod and quality of food in two experiments to simulate the conditions of winter and summer. We used the common voles (Microtus arvalis) as they have been shown to display personality based on behavioural consistency over time and contexts. Summer-born voles allocated to winter conditions at weaning had lower body mass, a higher corticosterone increase after stress and a less active, more cautious behavioural phenotype in adulthood compared to voles born in and allocated to summer conditions. In contrast, adult females only showed plasticity in stress-induced corticosterone levels, which were higher in the animals that were transferred to the winter conditions than to those staying in summer conditions. These results suggest a sensitive period for season-related behavioural plasticity in which juveniles shift over the bold-shy axis
机译：根据定义，动物的个性会随着时间的推移而保持稳定，但尚不清楚它们在发育过程中和成年后会在多大程度上改变以适应环境变化。温带环境的动物已经进化出生理和行为适应能力，以应对周期性的季节性变化。这也可能导致人格改变：一系列行为和生理特征在个体之间不断变化。冬季，通常是挑战生存的不利季节，可能需要个人保持害羞/谨慎的个性，而夏季，在大力促进生殖的夏季，个人可能会从大胆/冒险的个性中受益。为了测试早年和成年季节的变化对行为（活动，探索和焦虑），体重和压力反应的影响，我们通过两个实验来操纵光周期和食物质量，以模拟冬季和夏季的状况。我们使用了常见的田鼠（田鼠），它们根据时间和环境上的行为一致性显示出个性。与出生于夏季并分配给夏季条件的田鼠相比，在断奶时分配给冬季条件的夏季出生的田鼠体重较低，受压力后皮质酮增加更高，成年后的活动表型较不活跃，更加谨慎。相比之下，成年雌性只在应激诱导的皮质酮水平上表现出可塑性，在转入冬季条件的动物中，其皮质醇水平要高于在夏季条件下的动物。这些结果表明，与季节有关的行为可塑性处于一个敏感时期，其中少年在粗体-害羞轴上移动

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