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Match-Mismatch Experiments Using Photoperiod Expose Developmental Plasticity of Personality Traits

机译：使用光周期的错配实验揭示人格特征的发育可塑性

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Behavioural differences between individuals are often found to be consistent across contexts and/or over time, although recent studies suggest that ontogenetic processes and learning might influence personality. During ontogeny, environmental influences may play an important role in shaping an individual's personality as well as its physiology. Seasonal changes are ubiquitous and known to influence development. To study developmental plasticity, of behaviour and physiology in the wild cavy (Cavia aperea), we manipulated the photoperiod in a fully crossed match-mismatch design by simulating spring and autumn photoperiod until weaning and subsequently moving half of the animals into the mismatching photoperiod. We found developmental plasticity in behavioural and physiological traits before and after sexual maturation for growth, resting metabolic rate and fearlessness. For fearlessness, changes in response to the opposite photoperiod were more pronounced in males than in females. Exploration and boldness were only influenced by early, but not by late photoperiod. No sex differences were found for these two traits. Even though our treatment changed average trait expression, some behavioural traits proved consistent over time, but physiological traits were not. Fearlessness was consistent only in animals that did not change photoperiod during development, whereas exploration and boldness were consistent over time regardless of photoperiodic treatment. Our study shows that in response to a change in photoperiod personality traits differ substantially in developmental plasticity.
机译：人们之间的行为差​​异经常被发现在不同背景下和/或随着时间的推移是一致的，尽管最近的研究表明个体发育过程和学习可能会影响人格。在个体发育过程中，环境影响可能在塑造一个人的性格及其生理方面起重要作用。季节性变化无处不在，并且会影响发展。为了研究野生豚鼠（Cavia aperea）的发育可塑性，行为和生理，我们通过模拟春季和秋季的光周期直到断奶，然后将一半的动物移入错配的光周期，以完全交叉的错配设计操纵光周期。我们发现性成熟前后的行为和生理特征具有发育可塑性，以实现生长，静止代谢率和无畏。为了无所畏惧，男性对反光周期反应的改变比女性更为明显。探索和大胆只受早期光周期的影响，而不受后期光周期的影响。这两个特征没有发现性别差异。即使我们的治疗改变了平均特征表达，但随着时间的推移，某些行为特征被证明是一致的，但生理特征却并非如此。无畏仅在发育过程中不会改变光周期的动物中是一致的，而无论光周期如何处理，探索和大胆在一段时间内都是一致的。我们的研究表明，应对光周期人格特质的变化在发育可塑性方面存在很大差异。

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