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Classiology and soil classification.

机译：分类学和土壤分类。

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Classiology can be defined as a science studying the principles and rules of classification of objects of any nature. The development of the theory of classification and the particular methods for classifying objects are the main challenges of classiology; to a certain extent, they are close to the challenges of pattern recognition. The methodology of classiology integrates a wide range of methods and approaches: from expert judgment to formal logic, multivariate statistics, and informatics. Soil classification assumes generalization of available data and practical experience, formalization of our notions about soils, and their representation in the form of an information system. As an information system, soil classification is designed to predict the maximum number of a soil's properties from the position of this soil in the classification space. The existing soil classification systems do not completely satisfy the principles of classiology. The violation of logical basis, poor structuring, low integrity, and inadequate level of formalization make these systems verbal schemes rather than classification systems sensu stricto. The concept of classification as listing (enumeration) of objects makes it possible to introduce the notion of the information base of classification. For soil objects, this is the database of soil indices (properties) that might be applied for generating target-oriented soil classification system. Mathematical methods enlarge the prognostic capacity of classification systems; they can be applied to assess the quality of these systems and to recognize new soil objects to be included in the existing systems. The application of particular principles and rules of classiology for soil classification purposes is discussed in this paper.Notes Translated from Pochvovedenie (2012) 3, 259-269 (Ru).
机译：分类学可以定义为研究任何性质的物体分类原理和规则的科学。分类理论的发展和对象分类的特殊方法是分类学的主要挑战。在一定程度上，它们接近模式识别的挑战。分类学的方法论集成了多种方法和方法：从专家判断到形式逻辑，多元统计和信息学。土壤分类假设对可用数据和实践经验进行概括，对我们的土壤概念进行形式化，并以信息系统的形式表示。作为一个信息系统，土壤分类旨在根据土壤在分类空间中的位置来预测土壤的最大数量。现有的土壤分类系统不能完全满足分类学原理。违反逻辑基础，结构不良，完整性低以及形式化程度不足，使这些系统成为语言计划，而不是严格的分类系统。分类作为对象列表（枚举）的概念使得可以引入分类信息库的概念。对于土壤对象，这是可以用于生成面向目标的土壤分类系统的土壤索引（属性）数据库。数学方法扩大了分类系统的预后能力。它们可用于评估这些系统的质量并识别要包含在现有系统中的新土壤对象。本文讨论了分类学特定原理和规则在土壤分类中的应用。注释摘录自 Pochvovedenie （2012） 3 ，259-269（Ru）。

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