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Genetic Targeting of Microglia

机译：小胶质细胞的遗传靶向

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Genetic targeting of microglia and other myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) is highly desirable as they are critical effectors and regulators of changes in CNS homeostasis during development as well as in health and disease. Therefore, genetic reprogramming of microglia could constitute a central approach for potentially reducing disease burden. Previous attempts to target only microglia in vivo failed because of the similarities to their hematopoietic relatives in the circulation. However, this concept has been challenged by recent results of developmental and gene expression profiling studies which used novel molecular biological tools to unravel the origin of microglia and to define their role as specialized tissue macrophages clearly distinct from monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the history of microglia targeting approaches and finally highlight recent achievements in the field. We will discuss the pros and cons of the newly available genetic tools, their potential for future microglia research and genetic strategies. GLIA 2015;63:1-22
机译：在中枢神经系统（CNS）中对小胶质细胞和其他髓样细胞进行遗传靶向非常合乎需要，因为它们是发育过程中以及健康和疾病过程中CNS稳态变化的关键效应器和调节剂。因此，小胶质细胞的基因重编程可能构成潜在减轻疾病负担的主要方法。先前针对体内小胶质细胞的尝试失败了，因为与其在循环中的造血亲属相似。但是，这一概念已受到开发和基因表达谱研究的最新结果的挑战，该研究使用新颖的分子生物学工具来揭示小胶质细胞的起源，并确定它们作为明显不同于单核细胞或源自单核细胞的巨噬细胞的专门组织巨噬细胞的作用。这篇综述的目的是概述小胶质细胞靶向方法的历史，并最终强调该领域的最新成就。我们将讨论新获得的遗传工具的优缺点，它们在未来小胶质细胞研究和遗传策略中的潜力。 GLIA 2015; 63：1-22

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