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首页> 外文期刊>Glia >Olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory nerve fibroblasts maintain continuous open channels for regrowth of olfactory nerve fibres
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Olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory nerve fibroblasts maintain continuous open channels for regrowth of olfactory nerve fibres

机译：嗅鞘细胞和嗅神经成纤维细胞为嗅神经纤维的再生提供了连续的开放通道

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The ensheathing cells of the olfactory nerves are arranged end-to-end to form a continuous channel enclosing the olfactory axons from their origin in the olfactory mucosa to their termination in the olfactory bulb. On their outer surface, the olfactory ensheathing cell channels have a basal lamina and an outer encirclement of olfactory nerve fibroblasts. We present an anatomical model of the ensheathing arrangements for the entire transit of the olfactory axons from the horizontal basal cells of the mucosa through the nerves to the superficial astrocytes of the bulb. We used intracranial section of the olfactory nerves to induce a rapid retrograde loss of olfactory neurons and degeneration of their axons, followed by replacement of the neurons from stem cells in the mucosa and growth of the newly formed axons along the olfactory nerves. The olfactory ensheathing cells survive and play a vital role in this process. Unlike Schwann cells in damaged peripheral nerve, the olfactory ensheathing cells neither divide nor migrate. They are actively phagocytic for removal of the degenerating axons, and provide continuous stable open channels along which adventitious cells such as erythrocytes and macrophages can travel, and along which the newly formed axons can regenerate. We suggest that the persistence of these open channels is an important element in the effectiveness of the regeneration. These properties, which the olfactory ensheathing cells exert in collaboration with olfactory nerve fibroblasts, may also be involved in the reparative effects of these cells when transplanted into lesions of the spinal cord. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
机译：嗅神经的鞘细胞端对端排列，形成一个连续通道，将嗅轴突从其从嗅粘膜的起源一直到嗅球的末端封闭。嗅鞘细胞通道的外表面具有基底层和嗅神经成纤维细胞的外层。我们提出了嗅觉轴突从黏膜的水平基底细胞通过神经到球的浅表星形胶质细胞的整个转运的鞘安排的解剖模型。我们使用嗅觉神经的颅内切片来诱导嗅觉神经元的快速逆行丧失及其轴突的变性，然后从粘膜中的干细胞中置换神经元，并沿着嗅觉神经生长新形成的轴突。嗅鞘细胞存活并在该过程中起着至关重要的作用。与受损周围神经中的雪旺氏细胞不同，嗅鞘细胞既不分裂也不迁移。它们主动吞噬吞噬，以去除退化的轴突，并提供连续稳定的开放通道，诸如红细胞和巨噬细胞之类的不定细胞可以沿着该通道行进，并且新形成的轴突可以沿着该通道再生。我们建议这些开放通道的持久性是再生有效性的重要因素。嗅鞘细胞与嗅神经成纤维细胞共同发挥的这些特性在移植到脊髓损伤中时也可能与这些细胞的修复作用有关。 （c）2005 Wiley-Liss，Inc.

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