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首页> 外文期刊>Fungal Biology Reviews >Review: Degradation and transformation of humic substances by saprotrophic fungi: processes and mechanisms
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Review: Degradation and transformation of humic substances by saprotrophic fungi: processes and mechanisms

机译：评论：腐养真菌对腐殖质的降解和转化：过程和机制

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Humic substances represent the main carbon reservoir in the biosphere, estimated at 1600 X 1015 g C. Due to their crucial role in reductive and oxidative reactions, sorption, complexation and transport of pollutants, minerals and trace elements, sustaining plant growth, soil structure and formation, and control of the biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the global ecosystem, humic substances are extremely important to environmental processes. Saprotrophic fungi active in the decomposition process of humic substances include mainly ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, which are both common in the upper layers of soils. White rot and litter decomposing fungi are the most important organisms in the degradation and mineralization of refractory organic matter (OM), whereas ascomycetes are mainly involved in the modification and polymerization of humic substances. The mechanisms of degradation probably involve mainly a variety of non specific oxidizing enzymes. This review provides an overview of the subject, while bridging two main disciplines: soil OM chemistry and fungal microbiology. It is aimed to highlight problems, unsolved questions and hypotheses.
机译：腐殖质代表了生物圈中的主要碳储量，估计为1600 X 1015 gC。由于它们在还原和氧化反应，污染物，矿物质和微量元素的吸附，络合和运输，维持植物的生长，土壤结构以及在全球生态系统中形成和控制有机碳的生物地球化学过程中，腐殖质对于环境过程极为重要。在腐殖质分解过程中具有活性的腐生真菌主要包括子囊菌和担子菌，它们在土壤的上层都很常见。白腐烂物和分解垃圾的真菌是难降解有机物（OM）降解和矿化中最重要的生物，而子囊藻主要参与腐殖质的改性和聚合。降解机理可能主要涉及多种非特异性氧化酶。这篇综述提供了该主题的概述，同时衔接了两个主要学科：土壤有机化学和真菌微生物学。它旨在突出问题，未解决的问题和假设。

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