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Regulation of hyphal morphogenesis by Ras and Rho small. GTPases

机译：Ras和Rho small对菌丝形态发生的调控。 GTPases

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摘要

The fungal kingdom is extremely diverse comprised of over 1.5 million species including yeasts, molds and mushrooms. Essentially, all fungi have cell walls that contain chitin and the cells of most fungi grow as tube-like filaments called hyphae. These filamentous fungi, such as the mold Neurospora crassa, develop branched radial networks of hyphae referred to as mycelium. In contrast, non-filamentous fungi do not form radial mycelia, but grow as single cells, which reproduce by either budding or fission such as Saccharbmyces cerevisiae or Schizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. Finally, there are fungi that are capable of switching between single cell, yeast form growth and filamentous growth such as Candida albicans. The switch from yeast to filamentous growth in these so-called dimorphic fungi is a virulence trait in many human and plant pathogens. Highly conserved master regulators of all three fungal growth modes filamentous, non-filamentous and dimorphic are the Ras and Rho small GTPases, which spatially and temporally control cell polarity establishment and maintenance. This review summarizes the key roles of the Ras and Rho GTPases during hyphal rnorphogenesis in a range of fungi. (C) 2015 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：真菌王国非常多样化，包括酵母，霉菌和蘑菇在内的超过150万种。本质上，所有真菌的细胞壁都含有几丁质，大多数真菌的细胞会长成称为丝状的管状细丝。这些丝状真菌，例如霉菌Neurospora crassa，会形成称为菌丝体的分支状菌丝放射状网络。相反，非丝状真菌不形成放射状菌丝体，而是以单个细胞的形式生长，它们分别通过出芽或裂变繁殖，例如酿酒酵母或粟酒裂殖酵母。最后，还有能够在单细胞，酵母形式的生长和丝状生长之间切换的真菌，例如白色念珠菌。这些所谓的双态真菌从酵母生长到丝状生长的转变是许多人类和植物病原体的致病性特征。 Ras和Rho小GTP酶是丝状，非丝状和双态的所有三种真菌生长模式的高度保守的主调节剂，可在空间和时间上控制细胞极性的建立和维持。这篇综述总结了Ras和Rho GTPases在一系列真菌的菌丝形成过程中的关键作用。 （C）2015英国Mycological Society。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

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