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首页> 外文期刊>Mammal Review >Restoring ecological balance to the British mammal fauna
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Restoring ecological balance to the British mammal fauna

机译：恢复英国哺乳动物的生态平衡

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1.The mammal fauna of the British Isles has seen major perturbations since the end of the last ice age, some natural and some anthropogenic. Today, 61 species of terrestrial mammals breed in the British Isles, but only 39 of them are native species, the rest have been introduced. Furthermore, 19 native species have disappeared from the fauna including all the large predators, lynx Lynx lynx, wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. 2. Inevitably, these changes in species composition have been accompanied by major changes in community function including changes in patterns of energy flow through the mammalian community. For example, a high percentage of all the energy now flows through the introduced rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus population andred deer Cervus elaphus, which, in the absence of natural predators, are living at extremely high densities. 3. Could the reintroduction of species help to reverse such changes in community structure and function? The successful return to the wild of species such as the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx and beaver Castor fiber has shown that reintroductions are certainly possible. However, the impact on community function of returned species is more difficult to evaluate. 4. This question is addressed in relation to the consequences for deer populations of any possible reintroduction of the wolf to Scotland. Based on what we know of wolves elsewhere, predictions are made about the likely demography and patterns of killing behaviour of introduced wolves. These values are then used to parameterize a Leslie matrix simulation of the impact of wolves on contemporary populations of red deer in Scotland. The simulations suggest very strongly that wolves are very unlikely to have any significant impact on the high-density populations of deer now living in the Scottish landscape.
机译：自上个冰河时代结束以来，不列颠群岛的哺乳动物区系受到了严重的干扰，其中有些是自然的，有些是人为的。如今，不列颠群岛有61种陆地哺乳动物繁殖，但其中只有39种是本地物种，其余物种已被引入。此外，动物群中还有19种本地物种消失，包括所有大型捕食者，山猫天猫，狼犬天狼犬和棕熊熊熊。 2.物种组成的这些变化不可避免地伴随着群落功能的重大变化，包括通过哺乳动物群落的能量流动方式的变化。例如，现在所有能量中的很大一部分流经引入的兔圆孔兔和马鹿鹿，它们在没有自然捕食者的情况下生活在极高的密度下。 3.重新引入物种是否可以帮助扭转社区结构和功能的这种变化？阿拉伯大羚羊，羚羊类和海狸蓖麻纤维等物种的成功回归野生表明，肯定有可能重新引入。但是，对返回物种的社区功能的影响更难评估。 4.这个问题是关于将狼重新引入苏格兰给鹿群造成的后果的。根据我们对其他地方的狼的了解，对可能的人口统计学和所引入狼的杀戮行为模式进行了预测。然后将这些值用于对狼对苏格兰当代马鹿种群影响的莱斯利矩阵模拟进行参数化。模拟非常有力地表明，狼极不可能对现在生活在苏格兰景观中的高密度鹿群产生任何重大影响。

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