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Histogram matching for the generation of ventilation-perfusion difference images in SPECT lung scanning: A phantom study

机译：直方图匹配在SPECT肺部扫描中产生通气-灌注差异图像的模型研究

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Purpose: Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is commonly done by acquiring SPECT scans of lung ventilation and of lung perfusion. The two image sets are compared, to identify regions which are ventilated but not perfused (mismatched defects). This paper describes the application of histogram matching to the calculation of a ventilation/perfusion difference image, and an investigation of the feasibility of the technique using phantom data. Methods: An empty balloon was inserted into the lung compartment of an anthropomorphic torso phantom. The lungs were filled with polystyrene beads and with water containing 0.20 kBq/ml of 99mTc. Two scans were acquired to mimic a matched ventilation/perfusion pair. Then, 30 ml of water containing 0.01 kBq/ml of 99mTc was injected into the balloon and the phantom was rescanned. This was repeated four more times, adding 30 ml each time. Each perfusion scan thus had a mismatched defect of a different size. A CT scan was also performed after each perfusion scan, to verify the size and location of the balloon. Histogram matching was applied to each perfusion scan, which was then subtracted from the ventilation scan, yielding a difference image in which voxels with positive values identified mismatched defects. For each scan, a volume of interest (VOI) was automatically generated on the defect and was also copied across to the contralateral side to determine target to background ratios. Results: All mismatched defects were clearly visible in the difference images, including the smallest, which corresponded in size to a small subsegmental defect. Voxel values for the mismatched defects ranged from 17 to 26, compared with contralateral regions, which had voxel values of 0 or 1. Conclusions: Histogram matching provides a simple, automatic data-driven method for scaling ventilation and perfusion studies without user intervention.
机译：目的：急性肺栓塞（PE）的诊断通常是通过对肺通气和肺灌注进行SPECT扫描来完成的。比较两个图像集，以识别通风但未灌注的区域（不匹配的缺陷）。本文介绍了直方图匹配在通气/灌注差异图像计算中的应用，并研究了使用幻象数据进行该技术的可行性。方法：将空气球插入拟人躯干体模的肺室。肺部充满聚苯乙烯珠和含有0.20 kBq / ml的99mTc的水。进行两次扫描以模拟匹配的通气/灌注对。然后，将30 ml含有0.01 kBq / ml的99mTc的水注入气球中，并重新扫描体模。再重复四次，每次加30毫升。因此，每次灌注扫描均具有不同大小的错配缺陷。每次灌注扫描后也进行CT扫描，以验证球囊的大小和位置。将直方图匹配应用于每次灌注扫描，然后从通气扫描中减去直方图，生成差异图像，其中具有正值的体素识别出不匹配的缺陷。对于每次扫描，都会在缺陷上自动生成感兴趣的体积（VOI），并将其复制到对侧，以确定目标与背景的比率。结果：所有不匹配的缺陷在差异图像中清晰可见，包括最小的缺陷，其大小对应于较小的亚段缺陷。与对侧区域的体素值为0或1相比，不匹配缺陷的体素值介于17到26之间。结论：直方图匹配提供了一种简单的自动数据驱动的方法，无需用户干预即可进行通气和灌注研究。

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