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The first internal molecular phylogeny of the animal phylum Entoprocta (Kamptozoa)

机译：动物门Entoprocta（Kamptozoa）的第一个内部分子系统发育

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This article provides the first molecular phylogenetic study of the enigmatic invertebrate phylum Entoprocta and was designed to resolve the internal phylogenetic relationships of the taxon. The study is based on partial and combined analyses of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), as well as the nuclear ribosomal genes 28S rDNA and 18S rDNA. A short morphological character matrix was constructed to trace character evolution along the combined molecular phylogenetic tree. The combined analyses of all three genes strongly support the monophyly of the phylum Entoprocta and a sister group relationship of Entoprocta and Cycliophora, a result which is consistent with a number of previous morphological and molecular assessments. We find evidence for two separate lineages within the Entoprocta, one lineage leading to all recent colonial taxa, Coloniales, another representing the clade of solitary entoprocts, Solitaria. Our study suggests that Loxosomella is a paraphyletic assembly with regard to the genera Loxomitra, Loxosoma, and Loxocorone. The results imply that the ancestral entoproct was a solitary, marine organism with an epizoic life style. The groundplan of the entoproct adult stage probably included a bilobed centralized nervous system, and the larva was assumedly planktonic, with a gut and a ciliated creeping sole.
机译：本文提供了神秘的无脊椎动物门类Entoprocta的第一个分子系统发育研究，旨在解决分类单元的内部系统发育关系。这项研究基于线粒体基因细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）以及核糖体基因28S rDNA和18S rDNA的部分和组合分析。构建了一个简短的形态特征矩阵，以追踪沿着组合的分子系统树的特征演变。对这三个基因的综合分析有力地支持了昆虫门的单亲性和昆虫门与圆环虫的姐妹群关系，这一结果与许多先前的形态学和分子评估相一致。我们发现在Entoprocta中有两个独立的世系的证据，一个世系导致了所有最近的殖民地生物群，Coloniales，另一个代表了孤立的Entoprocts进化枝Solitaria。我们的研究表明，就Loxomitra，Loxosoma和Loxocorone属而言，Loxosomella是一种寄生虫组合。结果表明，祖先的熵是一种孤独的海洋生物，具有流行的生活方式。 Entoproct成年阶段的基本计划可能包括双叶中枢神经系统，而幼虫被认为是浮游性的，带有肠道和纤毛爬行的鞋底。

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