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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >ATP and acetylcholine, equal brethren.
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ATP and acetylcholine, equal brethren.

机译：ATP和乙酰胆碱，同胞。

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摘要

Acetylcholine was the first neurotransmitter identified and ATP is the hitherto final compound added to the list of small molecule neurotransmitters. Despite the wealth of evidence assigning a signaling role to extracellular ATP and other nucleotides in neural and non-neural tissues, the significance of this signaling pathway was accepted very reluctantly. In view of this, this short commentary contrasts the principal molecular and functional components of the cholinergic signaling pathway with those of ATP and other nucleotides. It highlights pathways of their discovery and analyses tissue distribution, synthesis, uptake, vesicular storage, receptors, release, extracellular hydrolysis as well as pathophysiological significance. There are differences but also striking similarities. Comparable to ACh, ATP is taken up and stored in synaptic vesicles, released in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, acts on nearby ligand-gated or metabotropic receptors and is hydrolyzed extracellularly. ATP and acetylcholine are also costored and coreleased. In addition, ATP is coreleased from biogenic amine storing nerve terminals as well as from at least subpopulations of glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals. Both ACh and ATP fulfill the criteria postulated for neurotransmitters. More recent evidence reveals that the two messengers are not confined to neural functions, exerting a considerable variety of non-neural functions in non-innervated tissues. While it has long been known that a substantial number of pathologies originate from malfunctions of the cholinergic system there is now ample evidence that numerous pathological conditions have a purinergic component.
机译：乙酰胆碱是第一个鉴定出的神经递质，而ATP是迄今为止添加到小分子神经递质列表中的最终化合物。尽管有大量的证据表明神经和非神经组织中的细胞外ATP和其他核苷酸具有信号传导作用，但该信号通路的重要性却被人们勉强接受。有鉴于此，本简短评论将胆碱能信号传导途径的主要分子和功能成分与ATP和其他核苷酸的成分进行了对比。它突出显示了它们的发现途径，并分析了组织分布，合成，摄取，水泡贮存，受体，释放，细胞外水解以及病理生理学意义。既有差异，也有惊人的相似之处。与乙酰胆碱类似，ATP被吸收并存储在突触小泡中，以Ca（2+）依赖的方式释放，作用于附近的配体门控或代谢型受体，并在细胞外水解。 ATP和乙酰胆碱也需要共同释放。另外，ATP从生物胺存储神经末梢以及谷氨酸能和GABA能末梢的至少亚群中共释放。 ACh和ATP均符合神经递质的假定标准。最近的证据表明，这两个信使不仅仅局限于神经功能，而是在非神经组织中发挥相当多的非神经功能。虽然早就知道大量病理源于胆碱能系统的功能失调，但现在有充分的证据表明许多病理状况都具有嘌呤能成分。

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