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A possible universal origin of hadronic cosmic rays from ultrarelativistic ejecta of bipolar supernovae

机译：双极超新星超相对论性射出的强子宇宙射线的可能普遍起源

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摘要

Based on the "cannonball model" for gamma-ray bursts of Dar and De Rujula, it is proposed that masses of baryonic plasma ("cannonballs"), ejected in bipolar supernova explosions in our Galaxy are the sources of hadronic Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) at all energies. The propagation of the cannonballs in the Galactic disk and halo is studied. Two mechanisms for the acceleration of the observed CRs are proposed. The first is based on ultrarelativistic shocks in the interstellar medium and could accelerate the bulk of CRs up to the "knee" energy of 4*10~(15) eV. The second operates with second-order Fermi acceleration within the cannonball. If the total initial energy of the ejected plasmoids in a SN explosions is 10~(53) erg or higher, this second mechanism may explain the CR spectrum above the knee up to the highest observed energies. It is shown that together with plausible assumptions about CR propagation in the Galactic confinement volume, the observed spectral indices of the CR spectrum can be theoretically understood to first order. The model allows a natural understanding of various basic CR observations like the absence of the Greisen-Zatsepin cutoff, the anisotropy of arrival directions as function of energy and the small Galactocentric gradient of the CR density.
机译：基于Dar和De Rujula的伽马射线爆发的“炮弹模型”，建议我们银河系在双极超新星爆炸中喷出的重子等离子体（“炮弹”）是强子银河宇宙射线（CR）的来源）。研究了炮弹在银盘和光环中的传播。提出了两种加速观察到的CR的机制。第一种是基于星际介质中的超相对论冲击，可以将大量CR加速到“膝”能量为4 * 10〜（15）eV。第二个以炮弹内的二阶费米加速度运行。如果在SN爆炸中射出的等离子体的总初始能量为10〜（53）erg或更高，则第二种机制可以解释膝盖上方的CR光谱，直至观察到的最高能量。结果表明，连同关于银河系约束体积中CR传播的合理假设，理论上可以将CR光谱的观测光谱指数理解为一阶。该模型可以自然地理解各种基本的CR观测值，例如不存在Greisen-Zatsepin截止值，到达方向的各向异性与能量的函数以及CR密度的较小的半中心梯度。

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