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Improving field production of ergot alkaloids by application of gametocide on rye host plants

机译：通过在黑麦寄主植物上施用杀虫剂来提高麦角生物碱的田间生产

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Ergot alkaloids are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry in drug preparations for treating migraines and Parkinson's disease, inducing uterine contraction, and other purposes. Phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Claviceps (e.g. C. purpurea) comprise a major biological source of ergot alkaloids. Worldwide industrial production of these alkaloids derives almost equally from two biotechnological procedures: submerged culture of the fungus in fermenters and field parasitic production in dormant fungal organs known as sclerotia (also termed ergot). Ergot yields from field cultivation are greatly affected by weather and also can be much reduced by pollen contamination from imperfectly male-sterile rye, as only unfertilized ovaries can be infected by C. purpurea spores. Two substances with gametocidal effect - maleic hydrazide and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid - were tested during three consecutive seasons in small field experiments for the ability to induce or amplify the male sterility of rye as well as the impacts on germination of C. purpurea spores and general vitality of rye host plants. Maleic hydrazide was proven to be a highly effective gametocide on both a fertile rye variety and a variety with imperfectly induced cytoplasmic male sterility. It showed negligible effect on germination of C. purpurea spores. Both accurate dosaging of the active gametocidal compound and timing of the application just 2-3 weeks before onset of anthesis proved crucial to achieving high ergot yield with minimum grain impurities.
机译：麦角生物碱在制药业中广泛用于药物制剂中，以治疗偏头痛和帕金森氏病，引起子宫收缩以及其他目的。棒状杆菌属的植物致病真菌（例如紫癜C.）是麦角生物碱的主要生物来源。这些生物碱的全球工业生产几乎均来自两种生物技术程序：发酵罐中真菌的深层培养和休眠菌器官中的寄生虫，即菌核菌（也称为麦角菌）的田间寄生生产。田间栽培的麦角产量受天气的影响很大，而且不完全不育的黑麦的花粉污染也可能大大降低麦角产量，因为只有未受精的卵巢才能被紫花衣原体孢子感染。在连续三个季节的小型田间试验中，对两种具有杀虫作用的物质马来酰肼和2-氯乙基膦酸进行了测试，以测定其诱导或增强黑麦的雄性不育性以及对紫C孢子和普通芽孢发芽的影响。黑麦寄主植物的活力。事实证明，马来酰肼对可育的黑麦品种和具有不完全诱导的胞质雄性不育的品种都是高效杀虫剂。它对紫花念珠菌孢子萌发的影响可忽略不计。活性杀虫化合物的精确剂量和花药发作前2-3周的施药时间均被证明对实现麦角产量高和谷物杂质最少至关重要。

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