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Diet, neurochemicals, and mental energy

机译：饮食，神经化学物质和精神能量

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Can what we eat influence mental function? The answer is certainly affirmative; we ingest each day any number of compounds that we know alter mental function. The most obvious examples are caffeine and alcohol. We now also believe that certain herbs and natural dietary supplements can be taken to modify mental function. We also think that dietary macronutrients can have an impact on brain functions. Depending on the definition, some of these effects can be viewed in the context of"mental energy." That is, some compounds we ingest may make us feel more alert or energetic (e.g., caffeine, herbal preparations like ma huang), whereas others may make us feel more relaxed or sleepy (e.g., alcohol, herbal preparations like valerian). The following discussion attempts to review some of this information. It begins with the major food components (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) that are not thought of as drugs. It then proceeds to substances found naturally in the diet that are enjoyed in part for their psychoactive effects (e.g., caffeine), and finishes with agents that are derived from natural, but not necessarily dietary, sources and are prepared and consumed as ifthey are drugs (i.e., herbal and dietary supplements). The discussion thus proceeds from food to drugs, as well as from dietary items of known safety to those of unknown safety (the supplements).
机译：我们吃的东西会影响心理功能吗？答案肯定是肯定的。我们每天都会摄入任意数量的已知可改变心理功能的化合物。最明显的例子是咖啡因和酒精。我们现在也认为可以服用某些草药和天然膳食补充剂来改善心理功能。我们还认为，饮食中的大量营养素可能会对脑功能产生影响。根据定义，可以在“精神能量”的背景下观察其中一些影响。也就是说，我们摄入的某些化合物可能会使我们感到机敏或精力充沛（例如，咖啡因，诸如麻黄的草药制剂），而另一些化合物可能会使我们感到更加放松或昏昏欲睡（例如，酒精，缬草等草药制剂）。以下讨论试图回顾一些信息。它从不被视为药物的主要食品成分（碳水化合物，脂肪，蛋白质）开始。然后，它会转化为在饮食中天然发现的，因其精神活性而部分享受的物质（例如咖啡因），并以源自自然（但不一定是饮食）来源的制剂作为最终原料，并像它们是药物一样被制备和食用（即草药和膳食补充剂）。因此，讨论从食物到药物，从安全性已知的饮食到安全性未知的饮食（补品）。

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