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首页> 外文期刊>Nutrition Research Reviews >Health claims on functional foods: the Japanese regulations and an international comparison [Review]
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Health claims on functional foods: the Japanese regulations and an international comparison [Review]

机译：功能性食品的健康要求：日本法规和国际比较[评论]

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The Japanese scientific academic community defined 'functional food' early in the 1980s. That is, functional foods are those that have three functions. The primary function is nutrition. The secondary function is a sensory function or sensory satisfaction. The third is the tertiary function, which is physiological. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) set up 'Foods for Specified Health Use' (FOSHU) in 1991 as a regulatory system to approve the statements made on food labels concerning the effect of the food on the human body. Food products applying for approval by FOSHU are scientifically evaluated in terms of their effectiveness and safety by the Council of Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Hygiene under the MHLW. The regulatory range of FOSHU was broadened in 2001 to accept the forms of capsules and tablets in addition to those of conventional foods. FOSHU increased the total to about 330 items in January 2003. The MHLW enacted a new regulatory system, 'Foods with Health Claims', in April 2001, which consists of the existing FOSHU system and the newly established 'Foods with Nutrient Function Claims' (FNFC). Under the FNFC, twelve vitamins (vitamins A, B-1, B-2, B-6, B-12, C, E, D, biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and niacin) and two minerals (Ca and Fe) are standardized. Examples of claims regarding these substances are as follows: 'Calcium is a nutrient which is necessary to form bones and teeth'; 'Vitamin D is a nutrient which promotes calcium absorption in the gut intestine and aids in the formation of bones.' The upper and lower levels of the daily consumption of these nutrients are also determined. The labelling of functional foods should always be based on scientific evidence and be in harmony with international standards. The nutrient-function claim was adopted in the guidelines for nutrition claims by the Codex Alimentarius in 1997. The claims of the Japanese FNFC are equivalent to the nutrient function claims standardized by the Codex Alimentarius. The enhanced function claim and the disease risk-reduction claims were proposed by both the Codex Alimentarius and an Economic Union project in 1999. The structure function claim, which is similar to the enhanced function claim, was enacted by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act in the USA in 1994. Most of the statements of the Japanese FOSHU system are close to the category of structure/function claims in the USA or the enhanced function claims of the Codex Alimentarius.
机译：日本科学界在1980年代初定义了“功能食品”。即，功能性食物是具有三种功能的食物。主要功能是营养。次要功能是感觉功能或感觉满意度。第三是第三功能，是生理功能。日本厚生劳动省（MHLW）于1991年设立了“特定健康用途食品”（FOSHU），作为一种规章制度，批准了食品标签上有关食品对人体影响的声明。厚生劳动省下属的药品事务和食品卫生委员会对通过FOSHU批准的食品进行了有效性和安全性的科学评估。 2001年，FOSHU的管制范围扩大了，以接受除传统食品外的胶囊和片剂形式。 FOSHU于2003年1月将总数增加到约330个项目。MHLW于2001年4月制定了新的监管系统“具有健康要求的食物”，其中包括现有的FOSHU系统和新建立的“具有营养功能要求的食物”（ FNFC）。在FNFC下，十二种维生素（维生素A，B-1，B-2，B-6，B-12，C，E，D，生物素，泛酸，叶酸和烟酸）和两种矿物质（Ca和Fe ）是标准化的。关于这些物质的权利要求的例子如下：“钙是形成骨骼和牙齿所必需的营养物”; “维生素D是一种营养，可促进肠肠道中钙的吸收并有助于骨骼的形成。”还确定了这些营养素每日消耗量的上限和下限。功能食品的标签应始终基于科学证据，并与国际标准保持一致。营养功能声明在1997年由食品法典在营养声明指南中采用。日本FNFC的声明等同于食品法典对营养功能声明进行了标准化。增强功能要求和降低疾病风险要求由食品法典委员会和经济联盟项目于1999年提出。结构功能要求与增强功能要求相似，由《膳食补充剂健康与教育法》颁布。 1994年，美国FOSHU系统的大多数声明都与美国的结构/功能声明或食品法典的增强功能声明接近。

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